Yibin

Yibin (simplified Chinese: 宜宾; traditional Chinese: 宜賓; pinyin: Yíbīn; Wade–Giles: I-pin; Sichuanese Pinyin: ȵi2bin1; Sichuanese pronunciation: [ɲi˨˩pin˥]) is a prefecture-level city in the southeastern part of Sichuan province, China, located at the junction of the Min and Yangtze Rivers. Its population was 4,588,804 inhabitants, according to the 2020 census, of whom 2,158,312 lived in the built-up area comprising three urban districts.

History

Human habitation of Yibin dates back at least 4,000 years. At that time, this place was one of the important birthplaces of ancient Bashu culture. Yibin was established as a county in the Han dynasty (206 BC − AD 220). Under the Ming and Qing, the town and its hinterland was known as Xuzhou Commandery (叙州府; 敘州府; Xùzhōufǔ), which was variously romanized as Suifu, Suifoo,[citation needed] Xufu, and Suchow. In 1907, its population was estimated to be 50,000.

Geography and climate

Yibin is located in the southeast portion of Sichuan at the southern end of the Sichuan Basin, bordering Zhaotong (Yunnan) to the south, Luzhou to the east, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Leshan to the west, and Zigong to the north, and has a total area is 13,283 square kilometres (5,129 sq mi). The city ranges in latitude from 27° 50'−29° 16' N, and in longitude from 103° 36'−105° 20' E, stretching 153 km (95 mi) east-west and 150 km (93 mi) north-south.

The city is located at the confluence of the Min and Yangtze Rivers. Above Yibin, the Yangtze is also known as the Jinsha River. Below Yibin, the Yangtze is known in Chinese as the Chang Jiang or "Long River."

As with the rest of the Sichuan Basin, Yibin has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high humidity year-round; winters are short and mild while summers are long, hot, and humid. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 7.9 °C (46.2 °F) in January to 26.9 °C (80.4 °F) in July and August; the annual mean is 18.03 °C (64.5 °F). Despite its location in the Yangtze River valley, it is still 1.5 to 2.0 °C (2.7 to 3.6 °F) cooler than Chongqing, located further downstream, in its warmest months. Frost is uncommon and the frost-free period lasts 347 days. Rainfall is common year-round but is the greatest in July and August, with very little of it in the cooler months. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 10% in December and January to 42% in August, the city receives only 1,018 hours of bright sunshine annually; Yibin has one of the lowest annual sunshine totals nationally, lower than even nearby Chengdu and Chongqing. Spring (March–April) tends to be sunnier and warmer in the day than autumn (October–November). Extremes in Yibin since 1951 have ranged from −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) on January 3, 1962 to 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) on August 25, 2022.

Administrative divisions

Economy

The city's industry focuses on electronics, food products, and power generation. It also produces paper, silk, and leather products. The surrounding region is rich in agricultural resources, growing rice, barley, oil seeds, sesame, and tea.

The largest employer in Yibin is Wuliangye Yibin, a company best known for Wuliangye, a brand of sorghum-based distilled spirits known as baijiu. The Wuliangye Group grew from a small company employing just 300 people in 1977 into a large company employing over 20,000 on a seven-square-kilometer plant. According to an August 2005 article in a securities weekly, the Wuliangye Group is 72% state-owned and provides 70% of the revenues of Yibin City, a major regional center at the head of the Yangtze in southeastern Sichuan. In 2004 6,225 retired military worked for the company, out of a total work force of over 20,000. A third of top management positions are held by retired members of the military. Unsuccessful efforts to diversify its business, poor transparency and a murky ownership pictures are among the company's problems today.

Education

There are several notable education institutes, including Yibin University, also known as Yiyuan, which offers a range of academic programs in a picturesque setting in Cuiping, Yibin. The university is known for providing a secure academic environment. Yibin Vocational and Technical College, held by the Yibin Municipal People's Government, is another prominent institute offering vocational and technical programs to equip students with practical skills.

Yibin has also built a university town

1. Sichuan University of Science and Technology, Yibin Campus

2. Xihua University, Yibin Campus

3. Chengdu University of Technology, Yibin Campus

4. Sichuan University, Yibin Campus

Transportation

The region's natural waterways provide transportation links with the surrounding area, and Yibin is also connected to Chongqing and Chengdu by rail and express highway. Yibin's proximity to the Yunnan and Guizhou borders also means that transportation to the provinces is available by rail and by bus.

Yibin has three bridges over the Chang Jiang section of the Yangtze and ten bridges over the Jinsha.

Yibin Wuliangye Airport offers flights to Beijing, Guangzhou, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Kunming, Lhasa, Sanya, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xi'an, and Yichang.

Yibin opened the world's second Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit/"trackless tram" system in December 2019.

Tourism

There are several hot springs near Yibin, plus many other tourist attractions. Such attractions include the Bamboo Sea in Changning County and the Xingwen Stone Forest. Yibin is also the confluence of the Min and Jinsha Rivers, which together form the Chang Jiang as the Yangtze River is known in Chinese, from Yibin to Shanghai. Cuiping Mountain Park (翠屏山公园; Cuìpíng Shān Gōngyuán), located west of the confluence of those two rivers, provides views of downtown Yibin.Yibin Junlian also has a new attraction located in Xunsi Town, Junlian County, called the Southern Silk Road Never Sleeps City.（南丝绸之路不夜城）

Gourmet food

Yibin Burning Noodles (宜宾燃面)Lizhuang White Meat (李庄白肉) Junlian Peppercorn Chicken (筠连椒麻鸡)

Grape Well Cold Cake (葡萄井凉糕) Gaoxian Hotpot (高县土火锅) Nanxi Dried Tofu (南溪豆腐干) Hongqiao Pig Cake (红桥猪儿粑)

Notable people from Yibin

• Zhao Yiman (赵一曼) During the Anti-Japanese War, Zhao Yiman was an anti-Japanese hero

Yibin in literature

• Dragonfly Eyes by Cao Wenxuan

Notes

• Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1887), "Su-chow", Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 22 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 617.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Su-chow", Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 26 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 7.

External links

• 2010-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
• 2009-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
• 2005-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
• China Life Records: "", Video, YouTube, 4 February 2024