Andrias is a genus of giant salamanders that includes the largest extant amphibians in the world. These include species such as Andrias japonicus which can reach a length of 1.44 metres (4ft 9in), and Andrias sligoi which can reach a length of 1.80 metres (5ft 11in).

While extant species are known only from East Asia, several extinct species in the genus are known from late Oligocene and Neogene aged fossils collected in Europe and North America, indicating that the genus formerly had a much wider range.

Taxonomy

The generic name derives from Ancient Greek ἀνδριάς, "statue". The former name was Megalobatrachus, from Ancient Greek meaning "giant frog".

Phylogeny

This phylogeny is based on Chai et al (2022). and Vasilyan et al (2013)

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Andrias†Andrias scheuchzeri Andrias japonicus Andrias cheni Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias sp. Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1"
†Andrias scheuchzeri
Andrias japonicus Andrias cheni Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias sp. Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1"
Andrias japonicus
Andrias cheni Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias sp. Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1"
Andrias cheni
Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias sp. Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1"
Andrias jiangxiensis
Andrias sp. Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1"
Andrias sp.
Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1"
Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C)
Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1"
Andrias sligoi
Andrias sp. "U1"

Alternative phylogeny by Fang et al (2018).

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Andrias†Andrias scheuchzeri Andrias japonicus Andrias sp. "A" Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1" Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias cheni
†Andrias scheuchzeri
Andrias japonicus Andrias sp. "A" Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1" Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias cheni
Andrias japonicus
Andrias sp. "A" Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1" Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias cheni
Andrias sp. "A"
Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C) Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1" Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias cheni
Andrias davidianus (Andrias sp. B & C)
Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1" Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias cheni
Andrias sligoi Andrias sp. "U1"
Andrias sligoi
Andrias sp. "U1"
Andrias jiangxiensis Andrias cheni
Andrias jiangxiensis
Andrias cheni

Species

Extant species

ImageScientific nameCommon nameDistribution
Andrias cheniQimen giant salamanderEastern China (Huangshan Mountains in Anhui Province)
Andrias davidianusChinese giant salamanderCentral China (traditionally considered widespread in the country, but likely restricted to Yangtze River basin), introduced to Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
Andrias japonicusJapanese giant salamanderSouthern Japan (southern Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku)
Andrias jiangxiensisJiangxi giant salamanderEastern China (Jiangxi Province)
Andrias sligoiSouth China giant salamanderSouthern China (Pearl River basin)
Andrias yaoluopingensisYuexi and Anhui, China

Based on genetic evidence, there may be more extant species in the genus. A study in 2018 found that A. davidianus sensu lato was a species complex that consisted of at least five different species. A. sligoi, which was formerly synonymized with A. davidianus, was revived in 2019 for one of these populations. Another one of these was described as A. jiangxiensis in 2022, and another as A. cheni in 2023.

Fossil species

ImageScientific nameCommon nameDistributionAge
†Andrias matthewiMatthew's giant salamanderUnited States and Canadaearly-middle Miocene
†Andrias scheuchzeriCentral Europe, possibly Central Asia and Western Siberialate Oligocene-late Pliocene
  • . Accessed 2008-04-08.
  • . Accessed 2008-04-08.
  • Accessed 2008-04-10.