Calu (Etruscan: 𐌖𐌋𐌀𐌂, romanized:Calu, lit.'dark, darkness') is an epithet of the Etruscan chthonic fire god Śuri as god of the underworld, roughly equivalent to the Greek god Hades (Epic Greek: Ἄϊδης, romanized:Áïdēs; Etruscan: 𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌀, romanized:Aita); moreover, as with Hades, this god-name was also used as a synonym for the underworld itself.

He is identified by his wolf attributes, such as a wolf-like appearance or a human with a wolf-skin cap. The visual representations of the cult of Calu seem to contain common elements with the Roman cult of Lupercalia and the Faliscan cult of the Hirpi Sorani ("wolves of Soranus", from Sabine: hirpus, lit.'wolf').

Bibliography

  • De Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika, eds. (2006). . Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292782334. Bonfante, Larissa. "Etruscan Inscriptions and Etruscan Religion". In De Grummond & Simon (2006). Colonna, Giovanni. "Sacred Architecture and the Religion of the Etruscans". In De Grummond & Simon (2006). Krauskopf, Ingrid. "The Grave and Beyond". In De Grummond & Simon (2006), p. vii, pp. 73–75. Simon, Erika. "Gods in Harmony: The Etruscan Pantheon". In De Grummond & Simon (2006).
  • Maras, Daniele F. (2010). . Archeo (in Italian). No. 305. Archived from on 2014-12-10.
  • Mc Callister, Rick; Mc Callister, Silvia, eds. (1999), , Etruscan Glossary, Calu
  • Rissanen, Mika (2013) [2012]. . Arctos: Acta Philologica Fennica. 46. Helsinki: Klassillis-filologinen yhdistys. ISSN – via Academia.edu.
  • Bouke van der Meer, Lammert (2013). "Lead Plaque of Magliano". . Quaderni di Acme (134). Milan. pp. 323–341 (335) – via Academia.edu.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Zavaroni, Adolfo (1996). (in Italian). Sherpa. Calu

External links

  • . Romano Impero (in Italian). July 2021.