Carduelis
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The genus Carduelis is a group of birds in the finch family Fringillidae.
The genus Carduelis was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 by tautonomy based on Carl Linnaeus's specific epithet for the European goldfinch Fringilla carduelis. The name carduelis is the Latin word for the European goldfinch.
The polyphyletic nature of the genus was confirmed by Dario Zuccon and coworkers in a comprehensive study of the finch family published in 2012. The authors suggested splitting the genus into several monophyletic clades, a proposal that was accepted by the International Ornithologists' Union. The siskins and goldfinches from the Americas formed a distinct clade and were moved to the resurrected genus Spinus, the greenfinches were moved to the genus Chloris, the twite and linnets formed another clade and were moved to the genus Linaria and finally the redpolls were moved to the genus Acanthis.
The phylogenetic relationships among the Carduelis species are shown below, based on the data by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
| Carduelis | Grey-crowned goldfinch, C. caniceps European goldfinch, C. carduelis Citril finch, C. citrinella Corsican finch, C. corsicana |
| Grey-crowned goldfinch, C. caniceps European goldfinch, C. carduelis | |
| Grey-crowned goldfinch, C. caniceps | |
| European goldfinch, C. carduelis | |
| Citril finch, C. citrinella Corsican finch, C. corsicana | |
| Citril finch, C. citrinella | |
| Corsican finch, C. corsicana | |
Species
The genus Carduelis is now restricted to four Western Palaearctic species:
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European goldfinch | Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758) Ten subspecies C. c. balcanica Sachtleben, 1919 – southeastern EuropeanC. c. brevirostris Zarudny, 1890 – Crimea, the northern CaucasusC. c. britannica (Hartert, 1903) – the British IslesC. c. carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758) – most of the European mainland, ScandinaviaC. c. colchica Koudashev, 1915 – Crimea and the northern CaucasusC. c. frigoris Wolters, 1953 – western SiberiaC. c. niediecki Reichenow, 1907 – southwest Asia (Rhodes, Karpathos, Cyprus, Egypt to Asia Minor, North Iraq, Southwest Iran, Northeast AfricaC. c. parva Tschusi, 1901 – the Atlantic Macaronesic islands (the Canary Islands, Madeira), Iberia, northwest AfricaC. c. tschusii Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1902 – Corsica, Sardinia, SicilyC. c. volgensis Buturlin, 1906 – southern Ukraine, southwestern Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan | Europe, North Africa and western Asia (1 & 2 on map below). | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Grey-crowned goldfinch | Carduelis caniceps Vigors, 1831 Four subspecies C. c. caniceps Vigors, 1831 – southern central Asia (W Himalayas - Kashmir to Nepal and West Tibet)C. c. paropanisi Kollibay, 1910 – Afghanistan to the western Himalaya and Tien Shan MountainsC. c. subulata (Gloger, 1833) – south-central Siberia to Lake Baikal and Northwest MongoliaC. c. ultima Koelz, 1949 – southern Iran | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC | |
| Citril finch | Carduelis citrinella (Pallas, 1764) | Europe from Spain to the Alps | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Corsican finch | Carduelis corsicana (Koenig, 1899) | Corsica and on the Italian islands of Sardinia, Elba, Capraia and Gorgona | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
External links
- on the Internet Bird Collection