Ctenosauriscidae is an extinct family of pseudosuchian archosaurs within the clade Poposauroidea. Ctenosauriscids existed in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America during the Early Triassic to the Middle Triassic period (latest Olenekian to Anisian stages). All species had large "sails" on their backs. Ctenosauriscids are among some of the earliest archosaurs and represent the first global radiation of the group.

Genera

GenusStatusAgeLocationUnitNotesImages
ArizonasaurusValidAnisianUSAMoenkopi FormationArizonasaurus Ctenosauriscus Some fossils of the "Waldhaus ctenosauriscid"
BromsgroveiaValidAnisianUnited KingdomBromsgrove Sandstone Formation
BystrowisuchusValidOlenekianRussiaLipovskaya Formation
CtenosauriscusValidOlenekianGermanySolling FormationCtenosauriscus is one of the oldest archosaurs known to date.
HypselorhachisValidAnisianTanzaniaManda Formation
"Waldhaus" ctenosauriscidValidAnisianGermanyRöt Formation
XilousuchusValidOlenekianChinaHeshanggou FormationXilousuchus is one of the oldest archosaurs known to date.

Phylogeny

Ctenosauriscidae was named by Oskar Kuhn in 1964 to include the genus Ctenosauriscus. It is a stem-based taxon defined by Richard J. Butler, Stephen L. Brusatte, Mike Reich, Sterling J. Nesbitt, Rainer R. Schoch and Jahn J. Hornung in 2011 as "the most inclusive clade containing Ctenosauriscus koeneni but not Poposaurus gracilis, Effigia okeeffeae, Postosuchus kirkpatricki, Crocodylus niloticus, Ornithosuchus longidens, or Aetosaurus ferratus". The cladograms below follows a 2011 analysis by Butler et al., the first based on Brusatte et al. 2010 and the second based on Nesbitt 2011.

Arizonasaurus model, Museum am Lowentor, Stuttgart
PoposauroideaLotosauridae Ctenosauriscidae Arizonasaurus Bromsgroveia Ctenosauriscus Hypselorhachis Waldhaus ctenosauriscid Poposaurus Sillosuchus Shuvosauridae Effigia Shuvosaurus
Lotosauridae
Ctenosauriscidae Arizonasaurus Bromsgroveia Ctenosauriscus Hypselorhachis Waldhaus ctenosauriscid Poposaurus Sillosuchus Shuvosauridae Effigia Shuvosaurus
CtenosauriscidaeArizonasaurus Bromsgroveia Ctenosauriscus Hypselorhachis Waldhaus ctenosauriscid
Arizonasaurus
Bromsgroveia
Ctenosauriscus
Hypselorhachis
Waldhaus ctenosauriscid
Poposaurus Sillosuchus Shuvosauridae Effigia Shuvosaurus
Poposaurus
Sillosuchus
ShuvosauridaeEffigia Shuvosaurus
Effigia
Shuvosaurus
PoposauroideaQianosuchus Ctenosauriscidae Arizonasaurus Ctenosauriscus Hypselorhachis Waldhaus ctenosauriscid Xilousuchus Poposauridae Poposaurus Lotosauridae Lotosaurus Shuvosauridae Sillosuchus Effigia Shuvosaurus
Qianosuchus
Ctenosauriscidae Arizonasaurus Ctenosauriscus Hypselorhachis Waldhaus ctenosauriscid Xilousuchus Poposauridae Poposaurus Lotosauridae Lotosaurus Shuvosauridae Sillosuchus Effigia Shuvosaurus
CtenosauriscidaeArizonasaurus Ctenosauriscus Hypselorhachis Waldhaus ctenosauriscid Xilousuchus
Arizonasaurus
Ctenosauriscus
Hypselorhachis
Waldhaus ctenosauriscid
Xilousuchus
Poposauridae Poposaurus Lotosauridae Lotosaurus Shuvosauridae Sillosuchus Effigia Shuvosaurus
PoposauridaePoposaurus
Poposaurus
Lotosauridae Lotosaurus Shuvosauridae Sillosuchus Effigia Shuvosaurus
LotosauridaeLotosaurus
ShuvosauridaeSillosuchus Effigia Shuvosaurus
Sillosuchus
Effigia Shuvosaurus
Effigia
Shuvosaurus