The Culebra Formation (Tcb) is a geologic formation in Panama. It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene period; Early Miocene epoch, Aquitanian to Burdigalian stages (Late Arikareean to Hemingfordian in the NALMA classification). Fossils of Culebrasuchus have been found in and named after the formation. The thickness of the formation is at least 250 metres (820 ft) thick, and the age has been estimated as from 23 to 19 Ma.

Fossil content

See also

Bibliography

  • Cadena, E.; Bourque, J.R.; Rincón, A.F.; Bloch, J.I.; Jaramillo, C.A.; MacFadden, B.J. (2012), , Journal of Paleontology, 86 (3): 539–557, Bibcode:, doi:
  • Alexander K. Hastings; Jonathan I. Bloch; Carlos A. Jaramillo; Aldo F. Rincon; Bruce J. Macfadden (2013). . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 239–263. Bibcode:. doi:. S2CID .
  • Kirby, Michael Xavier; Jones, Douglas S.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2008), "Lower Miocene Stratigraphy along the Panama Canal and Its Bearing on the Central American Peninsula", PLoS ONE, 3 (7): 1–14, Bibcode:, doi:, PMC , PMID
  • Bernard Manuel Landau; Carlos Marques da Silva; Antoine Heitz (2016). (PDF). Bulletins of American Paleontology. 389–390: 1–581. Archived from (PDF) on 2018-06-19.
  • Aldo F. Rincon; Jonathan I. Bloch; Bruce J. Macfadden & Carlos A. Jaramillo (2015). "New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5) e970688. Bibcode:. doi:. S2CID .
  • Silvestro, Daniele; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Serrano-Serrano, Martha L.; Loiseau, Oriane; Rossier, Victor; Rolland, Jonathan; Zizka, Alexander; Höhna, Sebastian; Antonelli, Alexandre; Salamin, Nicolas (2019), "Early Arrival and Climatically-Linked Geographic Expansion of New World Monkeys from Tiny African Ancestors", Systematic Biology, 68: 78–92, bioRxiv , doi:, PMC
  • Stewart, R.H.; Stewart, J.L.; Woodring, W.P. (1980), (PDF), USGS, p. 1
  • Vélez Juarbe, Jorge; Wood, Aaron R. (2019), , Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1511799 (5): Online edition, doi:
  • Woodring, W.P (1957), (PDF), USGS, pp. 1–186

Further reading

  • B. J. MacFadden, M. X. Kirby, A. Rincon, C. Montes, S. Moron, N. Strong, and C. Jaramillo. 2010. Extinct peccary "Cynorca" occidentale (Tayassuidae, Tayassuinae) from the Miocene of Panama and correlations to North America. Journal of Paleontology 84(2):288-298
  • C. Pimiento, G. González Barba, A.J.W. Hendy, C. Jaramillo, B. J. MacFadden, C. Montes, S. C. Suarez and M. Shippritt. 2013. Early Miocene chondrichthyans from the Culebra Formation Panama A window into marine vertebrate faunas before closure the Central American Seaway. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 42:159-170