Fómeque Formation
In-game article clicks load inline without leaving the challenge.
The Fómeque Formation (Spanish: Formación Fómeque, Kif) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly organic shale formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Barremian to Late Aptian epochs and has a maximum thickness of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft).
Etymology
The formation was defined and named in 1957 by Hubach after Fómeque, Cundinamarca.
Description
Lithologies
The Fómeque Formation has a maximum thickness of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft), and is characterised by a sequence of pyritic organic shales, with limestones and sandstone banks intercalated in the formation. The Fómeque Formation contains high values of TOC. Fossils of Acarthohoplites sp., Melchionites sp., Nicklesia sp., Olcostephanus sp., Pulchellia sp. have been found in the formation.
Stratigraphy and depositional environment
The Fómeque Formation overlies the Las Juntas Formation and is overlain by the Une Formation. The age has been estimated to be Barremian to Late Aptian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Mercedes Formation. The formation has been deposited in a shallow marine environment.
Outcrops
The Fómeque Formation is apart from its type locality, found in other parts of the Eastern Ranges.
Regional correlations
| Ma | Age | Paleomap | Regional events | Catatumbo | Cordillera | proximal Llanos | distal Llanos | Putumayo | VSM | Environments | Maximum thickness | Petroleum geology | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | Holocene | Holocene volcanism Seismic activity | alluvium | Overburden | |||||||||
| 1 | Pleistocene | Pleistocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 Glaciations | Guayabo | Soatá Sabana | Necesidad | Guayabo | Gigante Neiva | Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo) | 550 m (1,800 ft) (Guayabo) | ||||
| 2.6 | Pliocene | Pliocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 GABI | Subachoque | ||||||||||
| 5.3 | Messinian | Andean orogeny 3 Foreland | Marichuela | Caimán | Honda | ||||||||
| 13.5 | Langhian | Regional flooding | León | hiatus | Caja | León | Lacustrine (León) | 400 m (1,300 ft) (León) | Seal | ||||
| 16.2 | Burdigalian | Miocene inundations Andean orogeny 2 | C1 | Carbonera C1 | Ospina | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) | 850 m (2,790 ft) (Carbonera) | Reservoir | |||||
| 17.3 | C2 | Carbonera C2 | Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) | Seal | |||||||||
| 19 | C3 | Carbonera C3 | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) | Reservoir | |||||||||
| 21 | Early Miocene | Pebas wetlands | C4 | Carbonera C4 | Barzalosa | Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) | Seal | ||||||
| 23 | Late Oligocene | Andean orogeny 1 Foredeep | C5 | Carbonera C5 | Orito | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) | Reservoir | ||||||
| 25 | C6 | Carbonera C6 | Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) | Seal | |||||||||
| 28 | Early Oligocene | C7 | C7 | Pepino | Gualanday | Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) | Reservoir | ||||||
| 32 | Oligo-Eocene | C8 | Usme | C8 | onlap | Marine-deltaic (C8) | Seal Source | ||||||
| 35 | Late Eocene | Mirador | Mirador | Coastal (Mirador) | 240 m (790 ft) (Mirador) | Reservoir | |||||||
| 40 | Middle Eocene | Regadera | hiatus | ||||||||||
| 45 | |||||||||||||
| 50 | Early Eocene | Socha | Los Cuervos | Deltaic (Los Cuervos) | 260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos) | Seal Source | |||||||
| 55 | Late Paleocene | PETM 2000 ppm CO2 | Los Cuervos | Bogotá | Gualanday | ||||||||
| 60 | Early Paleocene | SALMA | Barco | Guaduas | Barco | Rumiyaco | Fluvial (Barco) | 225 m (738 ft) (Barco) | Reservoir | ||||
| 65 | Maastrichtian | KT extinction | Catatumbo | Guadalupe | Monserrate | Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) | 750 m (2,460 ft) (Guadalupe) | Reservoir | |||||
| 72 | Campanian | End of rifting | Colón-Mito Juan | ||||||||||
| 83 | Santonian | Villeta/Güagüaquí | |||||||||||
| 86 | Coniacian | ||||||||||||
| 89 | Turonian | Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event | La Luna | Chipaque | Gachetá | hiatus | Restricted marine (all) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá) | Source | ||||
| 93 | Cenomanian | Rift 2 | |||||||||||
| 100 | Albian | Une | Une | Caballos | Deltaic (Une) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Une) | Reservoir | ||||||
| 113 | Aptian | Capacho | Fómeque | Motema | Yaví | Open marine (Fómeque) | 800 m (2,600 ft) (Fómeque) | Source (Fóm) | |||||
| 125 | Barremian | High biodiversity | Aguardiente | Paja | Shallow to open marine (Paja) | 940 m (3,080 ft) (Paja) | Reservoir | ||||||
| 129 | Hauterivian | Rift 1 | Tibú- Mercedes | Las Juntas | hiatus | Deltaic (Las Juntas) | 910 m (2,990 ft) (Las Juntas) | Reservoir (LJun) | |||||
| 133 | Valanginian | Río Negro | Cáqueza Macanal Rosablanca | Restricted marine (Macanal) | 2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal) | Source (Mac) | |||||||
| 140 | Berriasian | Girón | |||||||||||
| 145 | Tithonian | Break-up of Pangea | Jordán | Arcabuco | Buenavista Batá | Saldaña | Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista) | 110 m (360 ft) (Buenavista) | "Jurassic" | ||||
| 150 | Early-Mid Jurassic | Passive margin 2 | La Quinta | Montebel Noreán | hiatus | Coastal tuff (La Quinta) | 100 m (330 ft) (La Quinta) | ||||||
| 201 | Late Triassic | Mucuchachi | Payandé | ||||||||||
| 235 | Early Triassic | Pangea | hiatus | "Paleozoic" | |||||||||
| 250 | Permian | ||||||||||||
| 300 | Late Carboniferous | Famatinian orogeny | Cerro Neiva () | ||||||||||
| 340 | Early Carboniferous | Fossil fish Romer's gap | Cuche (355-385) | Farallones () | Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) | 900 m (3,000 ft) (Cuche) | |||||||
| 360 | Late Devonian | Passive margin 1 | Río Cachirí (360-419) | Ambicá () | Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones) | 2,400 m (7,900 ft) (Farallones) | |||||||
| 390 | Early Devonian | High biodiversity | Floresta (387-400) El Tíbet | Shallow marine (Floresta) | 600 m (2,000 ft) (Floresta) | ||||||||
| 410 | Late Silurian | Silurian mystery | |||||||||||
| 425 | Early Silurian | hiatus | |||||||||||
| 440 | Late Ordovician | Rich fauna in Bolivia | San Pedro (450-490) | Duda () | |||||||||
| 470 | Early Ordovician | First fossils | Busbanzá (>470±22) ChuscalesOtengá | Guape () | Río Nevado () | Hígado ()Agua Blanca Venado (470-475) | |||||||
| 488 | Late Cambrian | Regional intrusions | Chicamocha (490-515) | Quetame () | Ariarí () | SJ del Guaviare (490-590) | San Isidro () | ||||||
| 515 | Early Cambrian | Cambrian explosion | |||||||||||
| 542 | Ediacaran | Break-up of Rodinia | pre-Quetame | post-Parguaza | El Barro () | Yellow: allochthonous basement (Chibcha terrane) Green: autochthonous basement (Río Negro-Juruena Province) | Basement | ||||||
| 600 | Neoproterozoic | Cariri Velhos orogeny | Bucaramanga (600-1400) | pre-Guaviare | |||||||||
| 800 | Snowball Earth | ||||||||||||
| 1000 | Mesoproterozoic | Sunsás orogeny | Ariarí (1000) | La Urraca (1030-1100) | |||||||||
| 1300 | Rondônia-Juruá orogeny | pre-Ariarí | Parguaza (1300-1400) | Garzón (1180-1550) | |||||||||
| 1400 | pre-Bucaramanga | ||||||||||||
| 1600 | Paleoproterozoic | Maimachi (1500-1700) | pre-Garzón | ||||||||||
| 1800 | Tapajós orogeny | Mitú (1800) | |||||||||||
| 1950 | Transamazonic orogeny | pre-Mitú | |||||||||||
| 2200 | Columbia | ||||||||||||
| 2530 | Archean | Carajas-Imataca orogeny | |||||||||||
| 3100 | Kenorland | ||||||||||||
| Sources |
Legend
- group
- important formation
- fossiliferous formation
- minor formation
- (age in Ma)
- proximal Llanos (Medina)
- distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)
See also
Geology of the Eastern Hills
Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Notes
Bibliography
- Acosta Garay, Jorge E.; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E. (2002), , INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–108
- Caicedo, Juan Carlos; Yasir Lara, Henry; Acosta Garay, Jorge (2002), (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–84
- García González, Mario; Mier Umaña, Ricardo; Cruz Guevara, Luis Enrique; Vásquez, Mauricio (2009), Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, pp. 1–219
- Villamil, Tomas (2012), Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), pp. 161–216
Maps
- Ulloa, Carlos E.; Guerra, Álvaro; Escovar, Ricardo (1998), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
- Ulloa, Carlos E.; Rodríguez, Erasmo; Escovar, Ricardo (1998), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
- Renzoni, Giancarlo (1992), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
- Montoya, Diana María; Reyes, Germán (2009), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
- Terraza, Roberto; Moreno, Giovanni; Buitrago, José A.; Pérez, Adrián; Montoya, Diana María (2010), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
- Ulloa, Carlos; Rodríguez, Erasmo (2009), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
- Buitrago, José Alberto; Terraza M., Roberto; Etayo, Fernando (1998), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
- Acosta, Jorge; Calcedo, Juan Carlos; Ulloa, Carlos (1999), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
- Pulido, Orlando; Gómez, Luz Stella; Marín, Pedro (1998), , INGEOMINAS, p. 1
External links
- Gómez, J.; Montes, N.E.; Nivia, Á.; Diederix, H. (2015), , Servicio Geológico Colombiano, p. 1