Limacidae, also known by their common name the keelback slugs, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Limacoidea.

Distribution

The distribution of the family Limacidae is the western Palearctic. There are 28 species of Limacidae in Russia and adjacent countries.

Cytology

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 25 and also lies between 31 and 35 (according to the values in this table).

Genera

Currently recognised genera in the family Limacidae are:

subfamily Eumilacinae Likharev & Wiktor, 1980

  • Eumilax O. Boettger, 1881 - type genus of the subfamily Eumilacinae
  • Metalimax Simroth, 1896

subfamily Limacinae Batsch, 1789

  • Ambigolimax Pollonera, 1887; formerly considered a subgenus of Lehmannia
  • Bielzia Clessin, 1887 – with the only species Bielzia coerulans M. Bielz, 1851. Some authors, for example Russian malacologists, have classified Bielzia within its own family Bielzidae (= Limacopsidae) or subfamily Bielzinae, but a molecular phylogeny has subsequently placed it within Limacinae.
  • Caspilimax P. Hesse, 1926
  • Gigantomilax O. Boettger, 1883
  • Lehmannia Heynemann, 1863; formerly considered a subgenus of Limax
  • Limacus Lehmann, 1864; sometimes considered a subgenus of Limax
  • Limax Linnaeus, 1758 – type genus of Limacidae; c. half the recognised species in the family
  • Malacolimax Malm, 1868; formerly considered a subgenus of Limax
  • Svanetia Hesse, 1926
  • Turcomilax Simroth, 1902
  • Weltersia Giusti et al. 2021 – with the only species W. obscura Giusti et al. 2021

Cladograms

A cladogram showing the phylogenic relationships of this family to other families within the limacoid clade:

limacoid cladeStaffordioidea Staffordiidae Dyakioidea Dyakiidae Gastrodontoidea Pristilomatidae Chronidae Euconulidae Trochomorphidae Gastrodontidae Oxychilidae Parmacelloidea Trigonochlamydidae Parmacellidae Milacidae Zonitoidea Zonitidae Helicarionoidea Helicarionidae Ariophantidae Urocyclidae Limacoidea Vitrinidae Boettgerillidae Limacidae Agriolimacidae
StaffordioideaStaffordiidae
Dyakioidea Dyakiidae Gastrodontoidea Pristilomatidae Chronidae Euconulidae Trochomorphidae Gastrodontidae Oxychilidae Parmacelloidea Trigonochlamydidae Parmacellidae Milacidae Zonitoidea Zonitidae Helicarionoidea Helicarionidae Ariophantidae Urocyclidae Limacoidea Vitrinidae Boettgerillidae Limacidae Agriolimacidae
Dyakioidea Dyakiidae Gastrodontoidea Pristilomatidae Chronidae Euconulidae Trochomorphidae Gastrodontidae Oxychilidae
DyakioideaDyakiidae
GastrodontoideaPristilomatidae Chronidae Euconulidae Trochomorphidae Gastrodontidae Oxychilidae
Pristilomatidae
Chronidae Euconulidae Trochomorphidae Gastrodontidae Oxychilidae
Chronidae
Euconulidae Trochomorphidae
Euconulidae
Trochomorphidae
Gastrodontidae Oxychilidae
Gastrodontidae
Oxychilidae
Parmacelloidea Trigonochlamydidae Parmacellidae Milacidae Zonitoidea Zonitidae Helicarionoidea Helicarionidae Ariophantidae Urocyclidae Limacoidea Vitrinidae Boettgerillidae Limacidae Agriolimacidae
ParmacelloideaTrigonochlamydidae Parmacellidae Milacidae
Trigonochlamydidae
Parmacellidae
Milacidae
Zonitoidea Zonitidae Helicarionoidea Helicarionidae Ariophantidae Urocyclidae Limacoidea Vitrinidae Boettgerillidae Limacidae Agriolimacidae
Zonitoidea Zonitidae Helicarionoidea Helicarionidae Ariophantidae Urocyclidae
ZonitoideaZonitidae
HelicarionoideaHelicarionidae Ariophantidae Urocyclidae
Helicarionidae
Ariophantidae Urocyclidae
Ariophantidae
Urocyclidae
LimacoideaVitrinidae Boettgerillidae Limacidae Agriolimacidae
Vitrinidae
Boettgerillidae Limacidae Agriolimacidae
Boettgerillidae
Limacidae Agriolimacidae
Limacidae
Agriolimacidae

A molecular-based phylogeny of the genera within the Limacidae. Metalimax and Caspilimax were not included in the study.

LimacidaeEumilacinae Eumilax Limacinae Svanitia Gigantomilax Limax Turcomilax Limacus Weltersia Malacolimax Lehmannia Bielzia Ambigolimax
EumilacinaeEumilax
LimacinaeSvanitia Gigantomilax Limax Turcomilax Limacus Weltersia Malacolimax Lehmannia Bielzia Ambigolimax
Svanitia Gigantomilax
Svanitia
Gigantomilax
Limax Turcomilax Limacus Weltersia Malacolimax Lehmannia Bielzia Ambigolimax
Limax Turcomilax Limacus
Limax
Turcomilax
Limacus
Weltersia Malacolimax Lehmannia Bielzia Ambigolimax
Weltersia Malacolimax Lehmannia
Weltersia
Malacolimax
Lehmannia
Bielzia
Ambigolimax

Ecology

Parasites of slugs in this family include larvae of the marsh flies Sciomyzidae, and others.

External links

  • on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site