List of divided cities
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A divided city is one which, as a consequence of political changes or border shifts, currently constitutes (or once constituted) two separate entities, or an urban area with a border running through it. Listed below are the localities and the state they belonged to at the time of division.
Especially notable examples of divided cities are divided capitals, including Nicosia (since 1974), Jerusalem (1948–1967; de jure ongoing since 1948), Berlin (1949–1990) and Beirut (1975–1990).
Former cities now divided
Africa
| Joint | Parts | |
|---|---|---|
| Galkayo, Somalia | North Galkayo (administered by Puntland) | South Galkayo (administered by Galmudug) |
| Moyale, divided between Kenya and Ethiopia |
Americas
| Joint | Parts | |
|---|---|---|
| Bristol, U.S. | Bristol, Tennessee | Bristol, Virginia |
| Carmen de Patagones, Argentina | Carmen de Patagones, Buenos Aires Province | Viedma, Río Negro Province |
| El Paso del Norte, Mexico (divided in 1848 after the Mexican–American War) | El Paso, Texas, United States | Ciudad Juárez, Mexico |
| Laredo, New Spain/Mexico | Laredo, Texas | Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas (The Mexican city was founded when the border was established, by people moving over the border from what had just become the US city) |
| Lloydminster, Canada, divided between Alberta and Saskatchewan, 1905–1930. The community was founded in 1903 in what was then the Northwest Territories, and located on the Fourth Meridian of the Dominion Land Survey, which became the boundary between the newly created provinces two years later. In 1930, the community was reunited as a single town under the shared jurisdiction of both provinces, and reincorporated as a single city in 1958. | ||
| Nogales | Nogales, Arizona, U.S. | Nogales, Sonora, Mexico |
| Planaltina, Brazil when Federal District was set as the new national capital in 1960 | Planaltina, Federal District | Planaltina, Goiás |
| Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Founded 1668 (France); split 1818, when south bank transferred to USA, while north bank remained British, now Canadian. | Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, USA | Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada |
| Texarkana, United States | Texarkana, Texas | Texarkana, Arkansas |
| Washington, DC, U.S., and suburbs | Washington, DC | Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)—originally in Maryland, moved to the District of Columbia |
| Alexandria, Virginia—originally in Virginia, moved to District of Columbia, moved back to Virginia |
Asia
- Tell Abyad, divided along the Baghdad Railway under the Treaty of Ankara in 1921 Tell Abyad, Syria Akçakale, Turkey
- Arappınar, divided along the Baghdad Railway under the Treaty of Ankara in 1921 Kobanî, Syria Mürşitpınar, Turkey
- Astara, divided under the Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828) Astara, Azerbaijan Astara, Iran
- Dibba, Portuguese fort Dibba Al-Fujairah (دبا الفجيرة), ruled by the Emirate of Fujairah, UAE Dibba Al-Hisn (دبا الحصن), ruled by the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE Dibba Al-Baya (دبا البيعة), ruled by the Governorate of Musandam, Oman
- Ghajar divided between Israel and Lebanon
- Hili, India, divided since 1947 after partition of India Hili, India Hili, East Pakistan, now Bangladesh (1971–)
- Jerusalem (de facto reunited in 1967) West Jerusalem, Israel East Jerusalem (al-Quds), Palestine; Which was under Jordanian control 1948–1967, under Israeli control since 1967, claimed by Jordan 1967–1988; recognized by the international community as Palestinian territory under Israeli occupation 1967–present[a]
- Julfa, divided under the Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828) Julfa, Azerbaijan Jolfa, Iran
- Lo Wu (the romanization used in Hong Kong) / Luohu (the romanization used in mainland China) 1898–1911: divided between the Qing Empire and British Hong Kong 1912–1939: divided between Guangdong Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong 1939–1941: divided between Japanese occupation zone (pronounced Rakō) and British Hong Kong 1941–1945: both under Japanese occupation. 1945–1949: divided between Guangdong Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong 1949–1997: divided between Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China and British Hong Kong 1997–present: the People's Republic of China possesses the sovereignty of the entire town since Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China by the United Kingdom in 1997; the part that was previously possessed by British Hong Kong is now administered by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the rest of the town is still administered by Guangdong Province. Border controls are still in use.
- Nicosia, capital of Cyprus, divided since 1974 after the Turkish invasion on the island and still divided (North Nicosia).
- Padang Besar, Malay Peninsula, divided between Malaysia and Thailand. (Note: it is not clear whether the town constituted a single settlement divided by an international border, or is instead an example of a geographical twin city. However, both towns' names, and the majority of their inhabitants, are of Malay origin.) Padang Besar, Malaysia Padang Besar, Thailand
- Rafah divided between the Gaza Strip and Egypt Rafah, Egypt
- Resülayn, divided along the Baghdad Railway under the Treaty of Ankara in 1921 Ra's al-'Ayn, Syria Ceylanpınar, Turkey
- Sha Tau Kok (the romanization used in Hong Kong) / Shatoujiao (the romanization used in mainland China) 1898–1911: divided between the Qing Empire and British Hong Kong 1912–1939: divided between Guangdong Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong 1939–1941: divided between Japanese occupation zone (pronounced Satōgaku) and British Hong Kong 1941–1945: both under Japanese occupation. 1945–1949: divided between Guangdong Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong 1949–1997: divided between Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China and British Hong Kong 1997–present: the People's Republic of China possesses the sovereignty of the entire town since Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China by the United Kingdom in 1997; the part that was previously possessed by British Hong Kong is now administered by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the rest of the town is still administered by Guangdong Province. Border controls are still in use.
- Aleppo, Syria, divided between SSG and YPG after the 2024 Battle of Aleppo.
Europe
- Baarle, divided since 1194, modern NL–BE division since 1831 Baarle-Nassau, Netherlands Baarle-Hertog, Belgium
- Bad Muskau, Germany Bad Muskau, Germany Łęknica, Poland
- Bad Radkersburg, Austria-Hungary Bad Radkersburg, Austria Gornja Radgona, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now Slovenia)
- Berlin (since reunited) in Germany West Berlin, closely associated with West Germany East Berlin, East Germany
- Bliederstroff, Lorraine (officially divided under the Treaty of Paris in 1815) Grosbliederstroff, France Kleinblittersdorf, Germany
- Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Bratislava, Slovakia Engerau (Petržalka), Austria (reunited after World War II)
- Brod-on-Sava, Kingdom of Yugoslavia Brod in Bosnia and Herzegovina Slavonski Brod in Croatia
- Deryneia, Cyprus (de facto divided since 1974) Deryneia, Cyprus Kato Deryneia, North Cyprus
- Frankfurt (Oder), Germany Frankfurt (Oder), East Germany, now Germany Słubice, Poland
- Forst (Lausitz), Germany Forst (Lausitz), Germany Zasieki, Poland
- Gmünd, Austria-Hungary Gmünd, Austria České Velenice, Czechoslovakia, now Czech Republic
- Gorizia, Italy Gorizia, Italy Nova Gorica, Yugoslavia, now Slovenia
- Görlitz, Germany Görlitz, East Germany, now Germany 60,000 Zgorzelec, Poland 38,000
- Guben, Germany Guben, East Germany, now Germany 22,000 Gubin, Poland 19,000
- Herzogenrath, divided since 1815 at the Congress of Vienna (before that, department of Meuse-Inférieure) Herzogenrath, Germany (47,187) Kerkrade, Netherlands (47,681)
- Komárom, Austria-Hungary Komárom, Hungary Komárno, Czechoslovakia, now Slovakia
- Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo ethnic-Albanian south (Republic of Kosovo-controlled) ethnic-Serb north (North Kosovo)
- Küstrin, Germany Kostrzyn nad Odrą, Poland Küstrin-Kietz, Germany
- Laufenburg, divided between Switzerland and Germany Laufenburg, Switzerland Laufenburg, Germany
- Mödlareuth, Germany (now without boundary wall) Mödlareuth, Gefell, Thuringia, East Germany Mödlareuth, Töpen, Bavaria, West Germany
- Mostar (since reunited) in Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Narva, Russian Empire/Soviet Union Narva, Estonia Ivangorod, Russia
- Pello
- Rheinfelden Rheinfelden (Aargau) (Switzerland) Rheinfelden (Baden) (Germany)
- Rijeka, Croatia Fiume, Italy (1924–1944) Sušak, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (reunited after World War II)
- Rome, Papal States Rome, Italy Vatican City
- Saint-Gingolph, Switzerland (since March 4, 1569) Saint-Gingolph, Switzerland Saint-Gingolph, France
- Saltney, divided between England and Wales
- Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, after the Dayton Agreement which politically defined the country's political structure, has most of the city within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while some suburbs are within the boundaries of the other entity, Republika Srpska.
- Sátoraljaújhely, Austria-Hungary Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary Slovenské Nové Mesto, Czechoslovakia, now Slovakia
- Siget, Austria-Hungary Sighetu Marmației, Romania Solotvyno, the Ukraine
- Teschen, Austrian Silesia Cieszyn, Poland Český Těšín, Czechoslovakia, now Czech Republic
- Walk, Livonia Valga, Estonia Valka, Latvia
- Veľké Slemence divided between Slovakia and Ukraine (connected with an exclusive border just for the village, the only one in the Schengen area)
Oceania
- Coolangatta and Tweed Heads, Australia Coolangatta, Queensland Tweed Heads, New South Wales
- Albury-Wodonga, Australia Albury, New South Wales Wodonga, Victoria
Cities that arose next to each other across a boundary line
Africa
| Cross-border town | Countries |
|---|---|
| Aflao and Lomé | Ghana / Togo |
| Brazzaville and Kinshasa | Republic of the Congo / Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Um Dafuq and Am Dafok | Sudan/Central African Republic |
Asia
| Cross-border town | Countries |
|---|---|
| Blagoveshchensk and Heihe | Russia / China |
| Chandigarh, Panchkula, Mohali | India |
| Islamabad–Rawalpindi | Pakistan |
| Jaigaon and Phuntsholing | India / Bhutan |
| Johor Bahru and Singapore | Malaysia / Singapore |
| Kara-Suu and Qorasuv | Kyrgyzstan / Uzbekistan |
| Korgas /Khorgos | China / Kazakhstan |
| Shenzhen /Hong Kong | China |
| Tachileik and Mae Sai | Myanmar / Thailand |
Europe
| Cross-border town | Countries |
|---|---|
| Como and Chiasso | Italy / Switzerland |
| Konstanz and Kreuzlingen | Germany / Switzerland |
| Monaco and Beausoleil, Alpes-Maritimes, Les Moneghetti, Saint-Antoine, Figuièra, Les Salines | Monaco / France |
| Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde | Portugal |
| Giurgiu and Ruse | Romania / Bulgaria |
| Gdańsk and Gdynia | Poland |
| Zvornik, and Mali Zvornik | Bosnia and Herzegovina / Serbia |
| Tornio and Haparanda | Finland / Sweden |
North America
South America
| Cross-border town | Countries |
|---|---|
| Aceguá and Aceguá | Brazil / Uruguay |
| Chuí and Chuy | |
| Leticia and Tabatinga | Colombia / Brazil |
| Rivera and Santana do Livramento | Uruguay / Brazil |
See also
Notes and references
Notes:
| a. | ^ There was international controversy on the status of Jerusalem in 1948 which has been further complicated since 1967. See positions on Jerusalem for further information. |
References: