List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans
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This list ranks the world's cable-stayed bridges by the length of main span, i.e. the distance between the suspension towers. The length of the main span is the most common way to rank cable-stayed bridges. If one bridge has a longer span than another, it does not mean that the bridge is the longer from shore to shore, or from anchorage to anchorage. However, the size of the main span does often correlate with the height of the towers, and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge.
Cable-stayed bridges with more than three spans are generally more complex, and bridges of this type generally represent a more notable engineering achievement, even where their spans are shorter.
Cable-stayed bridges have the second-longest spans, after suspension bridges, of bridge types. They are practical for spans up to around 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). The Changtai Yangtze River Bridge over the Yangtze River in China, with its 1,176 metres (3,858 ft) span, has the longest span of any cable-stayed bridge, displacing the former record holder, the Russky Bridge over the Eastern Bosphorus in Vladivostok, Russia 1,104 metres (3,622 ft) on 9 September 2025.
Completed cable-stayed bridges
This list of largest cable-stayed bridges includes all bridges with a main span of at least 500 metres (1,640 ft) in length. This list only includes bridges that carry vehicular traffic, such as automobiles or trains. It does not include suspension bridges, footbridges or pipeline bridges.
| Image | Name | Main span metres (feet) | Pylons | Year completed | Location | Country | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changtai Yangtze River Bridge | 1,176 m (3,858 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Changzhou–Taizhou, Jiangsu 32°00′31″N 119°58′06″E/32.0086°N 119.9683°E/ 32.0086; 119.9683(Changtai Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Russky Bridge | 1,104 m (3,622 ft) | 2 | 2012 | Vladivostok–Russky Island 43°03′49″N 131°54′29″E/43.0636°N 131.9081°E/ 43.0636; 131.9081(Russky Bridge) | Russia | ||
| Husutong Yangtze River Bridge | 1,092 m (3,583 ft) | 2 | 2020 | Nantong–Suzhou, Jiangsu 32°00′16″N 120°42′48″E/32.0044°N 120.7133°E/ 32.0044; 120.7133(Husutong Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Sutong Yangtze River Bridge | 1,088 m (3,570 ft) | 2 | 2008 | Suzhou–Nantong, Jiangsu 31°46′38″N 120°59′42″E/31.7772°N 120.995°E/ 31.7772; 120.995(Sutong Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Stonecutters Bridge | 1,018 m (3,340 ft) | 2 | 2009 | Tsing Yi–Stonecutters Island, Hong Kong 22°19′34″N 114°07′06″E/22.3261°N 114.1183°E/ 22.3261; 114.1183(Stonecutters Bridge) | China | ||
| Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge | 938 m (3,077 ft) | 2 | 2021 | Wuhan, Hubei 30°40′47″N 114°28′00″E/30.6797°N 114.4667°E/ 30.6797; 114.4667(Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Edong Yangtze River Bridge | 926 m (3,038 ft) | 2 | 2010 | Huangshi, Hubei 30°15′38″N 115°04′20″E/30.2606°N 115.0722°E/ 30.2606; 115.0722(Edong Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge | 920 m (3,018 ft) | 2 | 2019 | Jiayu County–Honghu, Hubei 30°03′12″N 113°58′01″E/30.0533°N 113.9669°E/ 30.0533; 113.9669(Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Tatara Bridge | 890 m (2,920 ft) | 2 | 1999 | Ikuchijima, Hiroshima–Ōmishima Island, Ehime 34°15′35″N 133°03′54″E/34.2597°N 133.065°E/ 34.2597; 133.065(Tatara Bridge) | Japan | ||
| Pont de Normandie | 856 m (2,808 ft) | 2 | 1995 | Le Havre, Seine-Maritime–Honfleur, Calvados 49°25′56″N 0°16′26″E/49.4322°N 0.2739°E/ 49.4322; 0.2739(Pont de Normandie) | France | ||
| Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge | 828 m (2,717 ft) | 2 | 2019 | Chizhou–Zongyang County, Anhui 30°41′51″N 117°20′44″E/30.6975°N 117.3456°E/ 30.6975; 117.3456(Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Shishou Yangtze River Bridge | 820 m (2,690 ft) | 2 | 2019 | Shishou, Hubei 30°03′12″N 113°58′01″E/30.0533°N 113.9669°E/ 30.0533; 113.9669(Shishou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge | 818 m (2,684 ft) | 2 | 2013 | Jiujiang, Jiangxi–Huangmei County, Hubei 29°43′21″N 115°54′30″E/29.7225°N 115.9083°E/ 29.7225; 115.9083(Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge) | China | ||
| Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge | 816 m (2,677 ft) | 2 | 2010 | Jianli, Hubei–Yueyang, Hunan 29°32′38″N 113°13′23″E/29.5439°N 113.2231°E/ 29.5439; 113.2231(Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge | 808 m (2,651 ft) | 2 | 2021 | Wuxue–Yangxin County, Hubei 29°50′30″N 115°30′07″E/29.8417°N 115.5019°E/ 29.8417; 115.5019(Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge | 806 m (2,644 ft) | 2 | 2017 | Wuhu, Anhui 31°14′06″N 118°07′45″E/31.235°N 118.1292°E/ 31.235; 118.1292(Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Incheon Bridge | 800 m (2,625 ft) | 2 | 2009 | Incheon–Yeongjongdo 37°24′50″N 126°34′00″E/37.4139°N 126.5667°E/ 37.4139; 126.5667(Incheon Bridge) | South Korea | ||
| Yachi River Bridge | 800 m (2,625 ft) | 2 | 2016 | Qianxi County–Qingzhen, Guizhou 26°50′57″N 106°08′15″E/26.8492°N 106.1375°E/ 26.8492; 106.1375(Yachi River Bridge) | China | ||
| Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge | 780 m (2,559 ft) | 2 | 2013 | Xiamen–Zhangzhou, Fujian 24°27′23″N 117°56′58″E/24.4564°N 117.9494°E/ 24.4564; 117.9494(Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge) | China | ||
| Wuhan Zhuankou Yangtze River Bridge | 760 m (2,493 ft) | 2 | 2017 | Wuhan, Hubei 30°26′04″N 114°11′09″E/30.4344°N 114.1858°E/ 30.4344; 114.1858(Wuhan Zhuankou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Danjiangkou Reservoir Bridge | 760 m (2,493 ft) | 2 | 2023 | Danjiangkou, Hubei 32°36′22″N 111°17′51″E/32.6061°N 111.2975°E/ 32.6061; 111.2975(Danjiangkou Reservoir Bridge) | China | ||
| Zolotoy Bridge | 737 m (2,418 ft) | 2 | 2012 | Vladivostok 43°06′31″N 131°53′46″E/43.1086°N 131.8961°E/ 43.1086; 131.8961(Zolotoy Bridge) | Russia | ||
| Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge | 730 m (2,395 ft) | 2 | 2009 | Shanghai–Chongming County 31°26′04″N 121°44′37″E/31.4344°N 121.7436°E/ 31.4344; 121.7436(Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Third Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge | 730 m (2,395 ft) | 2 | 2019 | Wanzhou, Chongqing 30°47′25″N 108°23′49″E/30.7903°N 108.3969°E/ 30.7903; 108.3969(Third Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Duge Bridge | 720 m (2,362 ft) | 2 | 2016 | Xuanwei, Yunnan–Shuicheng, Guizhou 26°23′08″N 104°40′26″E/26.3856°N 104.6739°E/ 26.3856; 104.6739(Duge Bridge) | China | ||
| Chibi Yangtze River Bridge | 720 m (2,362 ft) | 2 | 2021 | Chibi–Honghu, Hubei 29°51′31″N 113°34′14″E/29.8586°N 113.5706°E/ 29.8586; 113.5706(Chibi Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Huangmaohai Bridge | 720 m (2,362 ft) | 3 | 2024 | Zhuhai–Taishan, Guangdong 22°00′37″N 113°05′40″E/22.0103°N 113.0944°E/ 22.0103; 113.0944(Huangmaohai Bridge) | China | ||
| Minpu Bridge | 708 m (2,323 ft) | 2 | 2009 | Shanghai 31°03′10″N 121°28′37″E/31.0528°N 121.4769°E/ 31.0528; 121.4769(Minpu Bridge) | China | ||
| Jiangshun Xi River Bridge[zh] | 700 m (2,297 ft) | 2 | 2015 | Foshan–Jiangmen, Guangdong 22°46′50″N 113°04′09″E/22.7806°N 113.0692°E/ 22.7806; 113.0692(Jiangshun Xi River Bridge) | China | ||
| Gaolangang Bridge | 700 m (2,297 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Zhuhai–Taishan, Guangdong 22°01′16″N 113°07′16″E/22.0211°N 113.1211°E/ 22.0211; 113.1211(Gaolangang Bridge) | China | ||
| Xiangshan Harbor Bridge | 688 m (2,257 ft) | 2 | 2012 | Ningbo–Xiangshan County, Zhejiang 29°37′25″N 121°48′33″E/29.6236°N 121.8092°E/ 29.6236; 121.8092(Xiangshan Harbor Bridge) | China | ||
| Langqi Min River Bridge | 680 m (2,231 ft) | 2 | 2013 | Fuzhou, Fujian 26°05′57″N 119°32′13″E/26.0992°N 119.5369°E/ 26.0992; 119.5369(Langqi Min River Bridge) | China | ||
| Second Fengdu Yangtze River Bridge | 680 m (2,231 ft) | 2 | 2017 | Fengdu County, Chongqing 29°52′05″N 107°42′28″E/29.8681°N 107.7078°E/ 29.8681; 107.7078(Second Fengdu Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Xindu Jinsha River Bridge | 680 m (2,231 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Pingshan County, Sichuan–Suijiang County, Yunnan 28°40′06″N 103°51′48″E/28.6683°N 103.8633°E/ 28.6683; 103.8633(Xindu Jinsha River Bridge) | China | ||
| Bianyuzhou Yangtze River Railway Bridge | 672 m (2,205 ft) | 2 | 2021 | Jiujiang, Jiangxi–Huangmei County, Hubei 29°44′25″N 115°51′32″E/29.7403°N 115.8589°E/ 29.7403; 115.8589(Bianyuzhou Yangtze River Railway Bridge) | China | ||
| Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge | 660 m (2,165 ft) | 2 | 2022 | Dadukou District–Banan District, Chongqing 29°25′54″N 106°30′25″E/29.4317°N 106.5069°E/ 29.4317; 106.5069(Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Yangmeizhou Bridge[zh] | 658 m (2,159 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Xiangtan, Hunan 27°50′17″N 112°52′59″E/27.838°N 112.883°E/ 27.838; 112.883(Yangmeizhou Bridge) | China | ||
| Queensferry Crossing | 650 m (2,133 ft) | 3 | 2017 | Edinburgh–Fife, Scotland 56°00′17″N 3°24′45″W/56.0047°N 3.4125°W/ 56.0047; -3.4125(Queensferry Crossing) | United Kingdom | ||
| Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge | 648 m (2,126 ft) | 2 | 2005 | Nanjing, Jiangsu 31°58′12″N 118°38′29″E/31.97°N 118.6414°E/ 31.97; 118.6414(Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 638 m (2,093 ft) | 2 | 2016 | Wangjiang County–Dongzhi County, Anhui 30°05′53″N 116°47′35″E/30.0981°N 116.7931°E/ 30.0981; 116.7931(Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| New Yalu River Bridge | 636 m (2,087 ft) | 2 | 2015 | Dandong, Liaoning–Sinuiju, North Pyongan Province 40°02′08″N 124°22′10″E/40.0356°N 124.3694°E/ 40.0356; 124.3694(New Yalu River Bridge) | China North Korea | ||
| Tongling Yangtze River Road-railway Bridge | 630 m (2,067 ft) | 2 | 2015 | Tongling, Anhui 31°05′01″N 117°58′11″E/31.0836°N 117.9697°E/ 31.0836; 117.9697(Tongling Yangtze River Road-railway Bridge) | China | ||
| Nanjing Baguazhou Yangtze River Bridge | 628 m (2,060 ft) | 2 | 2001 | Nanjing, Jiangsu 32°09′45″N 118°50′11″E/32.1625°N 118.8364°E/ 32.1625; 118.8364(Nanjing Baguazhou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Shunde Bridge[zh] | 626 m (2,054 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Foshan, Guangdong 22°48′14″N 113°20′19″E/22.804010°N 113.338680°E/ 22.804010; 113.338680 | China | ||
| Jintang Bridge | 620 m (2,034 ft) | 2 | 2009 | Ningbo–Jintang Island, Zhejiang 30°03′40″N 121°48′16″E/30.0611°N 121.8044°E/ 30.0611; 121.8044(Jintang Bridge) | China | ||
| Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge | 618 m (2,028 ft) | 2 | 2000 | Wuhan, Hubei 30°29′24″N 114°14′10″E/30.49°N 114.2361°E/ 30.49; 114.2361(Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Qianjiang Bridge | 618 m (2,028 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Laibin–Wuxuan, Guangxi 23°42′10″N 109°32′29″E/23.70278°N 109.54139°E/ 23.70278; 109.54139(Qianjiang Bridge) | China | ||
| Erqi Yangtze River Bridge | 616 m (2,021 ft) | 3 | 2011 | Wuhan, Hubei 30°37′39″N 114°20′31″E/30.6275°N 114.3419°E/ 30.6275; 114.3419(Erqi Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Yongchuan Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 608 m (1,995 ft) | 2 | 2014 | Yongchuan–Jiangjin, Chongqing 29°02′38″N 105°53′02″E/29.0439°N 105.8839°E/ 29.0439; 105.8839(Yongchuan Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Qingzhou Bridge | 605 m (1,985 ft) | 2 | 2001 | Fuzhou, Fujian 25°59′15″N 119°28′18″E/25.9875°N 119.4717°E/ 25.9875; 119.4717(Qingzhou Bridge) | China | ||
| Yangpu Bridge | 602 m (1,975 ft) | 2 | 1993 | Shanghai 31°15′27″N 121°32′29″E/31.2575°N 121.5414°E/ 31.2575; 121.5414(Yangpu Bridge) | China | ||
| Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 600 m (1,969 ft) | 3 | 2020 | Nanjing, Jiangsu 32°00′30″N 118°39′53″E/32.0083°N 118.6647°E/ 32.0083; 118.6647(Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Xijiang Rail Bridge[zh] | 600 m (1,969 ft) | 2 | 2021 | Jiangmen, Guangdong 22°42′01″N 113°05′48″E/22.7003°N 113.0967°E/ 22.7003; 113.0967(Xijiang Rail Bridge) | China | ||
| Xupu Bridge | 590 m (1,936 ft) | 2 | 1997 | Shanghai 31°07′47″N 121°27′52″E/31.1297°N 121.4644°E/ 31.1297; 121.4644(Xupu Bridge) | China | ||
| Meiko-Chuo Bridge[ja] | 590 m (1,936 ft) | 2 | 1998 | Nagoya, Aichi 35°03′12″N 136°51′36″E/35.0534°N 136.8599°E/ 35.0534; 136.8599(Meiko-Chuo Bridge) | Japan | ||
| Yijishan Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 588 m (1,929 ft) | 2 | 2020 | Wuhu, Anhui 31°21′20″N 118°20′30″E/31.3556°N 118.3417°E/ 31.3556; 118.3417(Yijishan Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Taoyaomen Bridge | 580 m (1,903 ft) | 2 | 2003 | Zhoushan, Zhejiang 30°06′N 121°58′E/30.1°N 121.96°E/ 30.1; 121.96(Taoyaomen Bridge) | China | ||
| Anqing Yangtze River Railway Bridge | 580 m (1,903 ft) | 2 | 2014 | Anqing, Anhui 30°34′20″N 117°14′55″E/30.5722°N 117.2486°E/ 30.5722; 117.2486(Anqing Yangtze River Railway Bridge) | China | ||
| Liuguanghe Xiqian Expressway Bridge | 580 m (1,903 ft) | 2 | 2017 | Xiuwen–Qianxi, Guizhou 27°04′41″N 106°24′06″E/27.0781°N 106.4017°E/ 27.0781; 106.4017(Liuguanghe Xiqian Expressway Bridge) | China | ||
| Honglian Bridge | 580 m (1,903 ft) | 2 | 2023 | Nansha, Guangdong 22°41′46″N 113°35′31″E/22.69611°N 113.59194°E/ 22.69611; 113.59194(Honglian Bridge) | China | ||
| Shenzhong Corridor Zhongshan Bridge | 580 m (1,903 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Zhongshan, Guangdong 22°42′01″N 113°05′48″E/22.7003°N 113.0967°E/ 22.7003; 113.0967(Shenzhong Corridor Zhongshan Bridge) | China | ||
| Fulong Xi River Bridge | 580 m (1,903 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Foshan, Guangdong 22°59′54″N 112°50′33″E/22.99833°N 112.84250°E/ 22.99833; 112.84250(Fulong Xi River Bridge) | China | ||
| Gujin Chishui River Bridge | 575 m (1,886 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Gulin County, Sichuan–Jinsha County, Guizhou 27°45′11″N 105°58′56″E/27.7531°N 105.9822°E/ 27.7531; 105.9822(Gujin Chishui River Bridge) | China | ||
| Nanxi Xianyuan Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 572 m (1,877 ft) | 2 | 2019 | Nanxi District, Sichuan 28°48′39″N 104°57′38″E/28.8108°N 104.9606°E/ 28.8108; 104.9606(Nanxi Xianyuan Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Huanggang Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 567 m (1,860 ft) | 2 | 2014 | Huanggang, Hubei 30°32′07″N 114°50′01″E/30.5353°N 114.8336°E/ 30.5353; 114.8336(Huanggang Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Yumenkou Yellow River Road Bridge[zh] | 565 m (1,854 ft) | 2 | 2020 | Hancheng, Shaanxi–Hejin, Shanxi 35°39′18″N 110°36′05″E/35.655°N 110.6014°E/ 35.655; 110.6014(Yumenkou Yellow River Road Bridge) | China | ||
| Rio–Antirrio Bridge | 560 m (1,837 ft) | 4 | 2004 | Rio, Peloponnese–Antirrio, Aetolia-Acarnania 38°19′17″N 21°46′22″E/38.321388888889°N 21.772777777778°E/ 38.321388888889; 21.772777777778(Rio–Antirrio Bridge) | Greece | ||
| Haihuang Bridge[zh] | 560 m (1,837 ft) | 2 | 2017 | Jainca County–Hualong Hui, Qinghai 35°50′14″N 102°05′02″E/35.8372°N 102.0839°E/ 35.8372; 102.0839(Haihuang Bridge) | China | ||
| Zunyu Expressway Xiang River Bridge | 560 m (1,837 ft) | 2 | 2021 | Bozhou–Weng'an County, Guizhou 27°26′52″N 107°15′52″E/27.4478°N 107.2644°E/ 27.4478; 107.2644(Zunyu Expressway Xiang River Bridge) | China | ||
| Cheongna Haneul Bridge | 560 m (1,837 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Incheon–Yeongjongdo 37°30′56″N 126°35′12″E/37.51544°N 126.58653°E/ 37.51544; 126.58653(Cheongna Haneul Bridge) | South Korea | ||
| Pingtang Bridge | 550 m (1,804 ft) | 3 | 2019 | Pingtang, Guizhou 25°47′07″N 107°03′24″E/25.7853°N 107.0567°E/ 25.7853; 107.0567(Pingtang Bridge) | China | ||
| Cần Thơ Bridge | 550 m (1,804 ft) | 2 | 2010 | Cần Thơ, Mekong Delta 10°02′06″N 105°48′45″E/10.035°N 105.8125°E/ 10.035; 105.8125(Cần Thơ Bridge) | Vietnam | ||
| Changmen Bridge[zh] | 550 m (1,804 ft) | 2 | 2019 | Fuzhou, Fujian 26°08′04″N 119°35′32″E/26.1344°N 119.5922°E/ 26.1344; 119.5922(Changmen Bridge) | China | ||
| Zhoudai Bridge[zh] | 550 m (1,804 ft) | 3 | 2021 | Zhoushan, Zhejiang 30°13′36″N 122°00′41″E/30.2267°N 122.0114°E/ 30.2267; 122.0114(Zhoudai Bridge) | China | ||
| Busan Harbor Bridge | 540 m (1,772 ft) | 2 | 2014 | Busan, Yeongnam 35°06′20″N 129°03′54″E/35.1056°N 129.065°E/ 35.1056; 129.065(Busan Harbor Bridge) | South Korea | ||
| La Constitución de 1812 Bridge | 540 m (1,772 ft) | 2 | 2015 | Cádiz, Andalusia 36°31′27″N 6°15′35″W/36.5242°N 6.2597°W/ 36.5242; -6.2597(La Constitución de 1812 Bridge) | Spain | ||
| Godeok–Topyeong Bridge | 540 m (1,772 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Gangdong District, Seoul–Guri, Gyeonggi Province 37°34′18″N 127°08′57″E/37.5717°N 127.1492°E/ 37.5717; 127.1492(Godeok–Topyeong Bridge) | South Korea | ||
| Danjiang Xiaosanxia Bridge[zh] | 536 m (1,759 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Xichuan County, Henan 32°52′4″N 111°31′57″E/32.86778°N 111.53250°E/ 32.86778; 111.53250(Danjiang Xiaosanxia Bridge) | China | ||
| Shachengwan Bridge[zh] | 535 m (1,755 ft) | 2 | 2021 | Fuding, Fujian 27°14′23″N 120°17′33″E/27.2396°N 120.2926°E/ 27.2396; 120.2926(Shachengwan Bridge) | China | ||
| Pingtan Strait Rail-Road Bridge[zh] | 532 m (1,745 ft) | 2 | 2020 | Changle–Pingtan County, Fujian 25°41′45″N 119°37′40″E/25.6958°N 119.6278°E/ 25.6958; 119.6278(Pingtan Strait Rail-Road Bridge) | China | ||
| Skarnsund Bridge | 530 m (1,739 ft) | 2 | 1991 | Inderøy, Trøndelag 63°50′37″N 11°04′35″E/63.8436°N 11.0764°E/ 63.8436; 11.0764(Skarnsund Bridge) | Norway | ||
| Atlantic Bridge, Panama | 530 m (1,739 ft) | 2 | 2019 | Colón, Colón Province 9°18′29″N 79°55′08″W/9.3081°N 79.9189°W/ 9.3081; -79.9189(Atlantic Bridge, Panama) | Panama | ||
| Yinzhouhu Bridge | 530 m (1,739 ft) | 2 | 2023 | Jiangmen, Guangdong 22°25′4″N 113°4′11″E/22.41778°N 113.06972°E/ 22.41778; 113.06972(Yinzhouhu Bridge) | China | ||
| Rongshan Yangtze River Bridge | 530 m (1,739 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Hejiang County, Sichuan 28°50′31″N 105°54′01″E/28.84194°N 105.90028°E/ 28.84194; 105.90028(Rongshan Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Qiji Yellow River Bridge | 530 m (1,739 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Jinan–Qihe County, Shandong 36°43′46″N 116°51′19″E/36.72944°N 116.85528°E/ 36.72944; 116.85528(Qiji Yellow River Bridge) | China | ||
| Longli Bridge | 528 m (1,732 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Longli County, Guizhou 26°23′09″N 106°50′59″E/26.3858°N 106.8497°E/ 26.3858; 106.8497(Longli Bridge) | China | ||
| Lingang Yangtze River Bridge | 522 m (1,713 ft) | 2 | 2023 | Yibin, Sichuan 28°46′44″N 104°43′34″E/28.7789°N 104.7261°E/ 28.7789; 104.7261(Lingang Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Baluarte Bridge | 520 m (1,706 ft) | 2 | 2012 | Concordia, Sinaloa–Pueblo Nuevo, Durango 23°32′03″N 105°45′35″W/23.5343°N 105.7596°W/ 23.5343; -105.7596(Baluarte Bridge) | Mexico | ||
| Huangyi Yangtze River Bridge | 520 m (1,706 ft) | 2 | 2012 | Luzhou, Sichuan 28°53′42″N 105°32′54″E/28.895°N 105.5483°E/ 28.895; 105.5483(Huangyi Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Hejiang Shenbicheng Yangtze River Bridge | 520 m (1,706 ft) | 2 | 2023 | Hejiang County, Sichuan 28°52′19″N 105°41′50″E/28.87194°N 105.69722°E/ 28.87194; 105.69722(Hejiang Shenbicheng Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Naxi Yangtze River Bridge | 520 m (1,706 ft) | 2 | 2023 | Luzhou, Sichuan 28°47′32″N 105°22′9″E/28.79222°N 105.36917°E/ 28.79222; 105.36917(Naxi Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Xiangbei Marshalling Station Bridge | 520 m (1,706 ft) | 2 | 2023 | Xiangyang, Hubei 32°7′3″N 112°9′43″E/32.11750°N 112.16194°E/ 32.11750; 112.16194(Xiangbei Marshalling Station Bridge) | China | ||
| Hongqimen Bridge | 520 m (1,706 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Nansha, Guangdong 22°37′12″N 113°34′59″E/22.62000°N 113.58306°E/ 22.62000; 113.58306(Hongqimen Bridge) | China | ||
| Anluo Expressway Yellow River Bridge | 520 m (1,706 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Yuanyang County–Zhongmu County, Henan 34°56′56″N 114°09′30″E/34.94889°N 114.15833°E/ 34.94889; 114.15833(Anluo Expressway Yellow River Bridge) | China | ||
| Queshi Bridge | 518 m (1,699 ft) | 2 | 1999 | Shantou, Guangdong 23°20′37″N 116°39′36″E/23.3436°N 116.66°E/ 23.3436; 116.66(Queshi Bridge) | China | ||
| Gong'an Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 518 m (1,699 ft) | 2 | 2018 | Gong'an County–Jiangling County, Hubei 30°04′14″N 112°19′39″E/30.0706°N 112.3275°E/ 30.0706; 112.3275(Gong'an Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge | 510 m (1,673 ft) | 2 | 1994 | Yokohama, Kanagawa 35°28′20″N 139°41′57″E/35.4722°N 139.6992°E/ 35.4722; 139.6992(Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge) | Japan | ||
| Anqing Yangtze River Bridge | 510 m (1,673 ft) | 2 | 2004 | Anqing, Anhui 30°29′57″N 117°04′17″E/30.4992°N 117.0714°E/ 30.4992; 117.0714(Anqing Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| First Cheonsa Bridge | 510 m (1,673 ft) | 2 | 2019 | Amtae Island–Aphae Island, South Jeolla Province 34°51′38″N 126°10′17″E/34.8606°N 126.1714°E/ 34.8606; 126.1714(First Cheonsa Bridge) | South Korea | ||
| Hongshui River Huiluo Bridge[zh] | 508 m (1,667 ft) | 2 | 2018 | Luodian County, Guizhou–Tian'e County, Guangxi 25°10′58″N 106°41′12″E/25.1828°N 106.6867°E/ 25.1828; 106.6867(Hongshui River Huiluo Bridge) | China | ||
| Harbor Bridge Project | 506 m (1,660 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Corpus Christi, Texas 27°48′48″N 97°23′59″W/27.8133°N 97.3997°W/ 27.8133; -97.3997(Harbor Bridge Project) | United States | ||
| Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge | 504 m (1,654 ft) | 2 | 2008 | Wuhan, Hubei 30°39′25″N 114°24′01″E/30.6569°N 114.4003°E/ 30.6569; 114.4003(Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge (North bridge) | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2002 | Jingzhou, Hubei 30°19′04″N 112°13′02″E/30.3178°N 112.2172°E/ 30.3178; 112.2172(Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Kanchanaphisek Bridge | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2007 | Phra Pradaeng District, Samut Prakan Province 13°38′00″N 100°32′18″E/13.6333°N 100.5383°E/ 13.6333; 100.5383(Kanchanaphisek Bridge) | Thailand | ||
| Sungai Johor Bridge | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2011 | Johor Bahru, Johor 1°31′56″N 104°01′19″E/1.5322°N 104.0219°E/ 1.5322; 104.0219(Sungai Johor Bridge) | Malaysia | ||
| Mokpo Bridge[ko] | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2012 | Mokpo, South Jeolla Province 34°47′21″N 126°21′20″E/34.7892°N 126.3556°E/ 34.7892; 126.3556(Mokpo Bridge) | South Korea | ||
| Hwatae Bridge[ko] | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2015 | Yeosu, South Jeolla Province 34°35′54″N 127°44′07″E/34.5983°N 127.7353°E/ 34.5983; 127.7353(Hwatae Bridge) | South Korea | ||
| Honghe Bridge[zh] | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 4 | 2020 | Zhuhai, Guangdong 22°10′09″N 113°26′04″E/22.1692°N 113.4344°E/ 22.1692; 113.4344(Honghe Bridge) | China | ||
| Nanjing Shangba Jiajiang Bridge[zh] | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2020 | Nanjing, Jiangsu 32°10′08″N 118°46′23″E/32.1689°N 118.7731°E/ 32.1689; 118.7731(Nanjing Shangba Jiajiang Bridge) | China | ||
| Hwayang-Jobal Bridge | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2020 | Jobaldo Island–Jangsu-ri, South Jeolla Province 34°38′5″N 127°34′19″E/34.63472°N 127.57194°E/ 34.63472; 127.57194(Hwayang-Jobal Bridge) | South Korea | ||
| Xuefenghu Bridge | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2023 | Anhua County, Hunan 28°17′43″N 111°5′23″E/28.29528°N 111.08972°E/ 28.29528; 111.08972(Xuefenghu Bridge) | China | ||
| Sudarshan Setu | 500 m (1,640 ft) | 2 | 2024 | Okha–Bet Dwarka, Gujarat 22°27′07″N 69°05′05″E/22.4519°N 69.0847°E/ 22.4519; 69.0847(Sudarshan Setu) | India |
Cable-stayed bridges under construction
| Image | Name | Main span metres (feet) | Pylons | Year to open | Location | Country | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guanyinsi Yangtze River Bridge | 1,160 m (3,806 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Gong'an County–Jiangling County, Hubei 30°06′17″N 112°12′13″E/30.1047°N 112.2036°E/ 30.1047; 112.2036(Guanyinsi Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Ma'anshan Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge | 1,120 m (3,675 ft) | 3 | 2026 | Ma'anshan, Anhui 31°35′36″N 118°23′26″E/31.5933°N 118.3906°E/ 31.5933; 118.3906(Ma'anshan Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge) | China | ||
| Anqing Haikou Yangtze River Bridge | 1,100 m (3,609 ft) | 2 | 2030 | Anqing, Anhui 30°27′43″N 116°58′10″E/30.46194°N 116.96944°E/ 30.46194; 116.96944(Anqing Haikou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Second Badong Yangtze River Bridge | 1,090 m (3,576 ft) | 2 | 2030 | Badong County, Hubei 31°3′2″N 110°22′49″E/31.05056°N 110.38028°E/ 31.05056; 110.38028(Second Badong Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Puzhehei Bridge | 930 m (3,051 ft) | 2 | 2028 | Luxi County–Qiubei County, Yunnan 24°16′52″N 103°48′54″E/24.2811°N 103.815°E/ 24.2811; 103.815(Puzhehei Bridge) | China | ||
| Wushan Shennv Yangtze River Bridge | 898 m (2,946 ft) | 2 | 2028 | Wushan County, Chongqing 31°3′29″N 109°51′25″E/31.05806°N 109.85694°E/ 31.05806; 109.85694(Wushan Shennv Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Bailizhou Yangtze River Bridge | 890 m (2,920 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Zhijiang, Hubei 30°25′1″N 111°46′36″E/30.41694°N 111.77667°E/ 30.41694; 111.77667(Bailizhou Yangtze River Bridge) | China | ||
| Zhongshan Xiangshan Bridge | 880 m (2,887 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Zhongshan, Guangdong 22°34′43″N 113°32′25″E/22.57861°N 113.54028°E/ 22.57861; 113.54028(Zhongshan Xiangshan Bridge) | China | ||
| Gordie Howe International Bridge | 853 m (2,799 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Detroit, Michigan–Windsor, Ontario 42°17′15″N 83°05′52″W/42.2875°N 83.0978°W/ 42.2875; -83.0978(Gordie Howe International Bridge) | Canada United States | ||
| Lena Bridge | 840 m (2,756 ft) | 3 | 2028 | Yakutsk, Sakha Republic 61°48′04″N 129°41′20″E/61.8011°N 129.6889°E/ 61.8011; 129.6889(Lena Bridge) | Russia | ||
| Chizhou Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge | 812 m (2,664 ft) | 2 | 2027 | Chizhou, Anhui 30°45′28″N 117°34′31″E/30.75778°N 117.57528°E/ 30.75778; 117.57528(Chizhou Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge) | China | ||
| Shenzhen-Jiangmen Rail-Road Hongqili Bridge | 808 m (2,651 ft) | 2 | 2028 | Zhongshan, Guangdong 22°40′36″N 113°31′27″E/22.67667°N 113.52417°E/ 22.67667; 113.52417(Shenzhen-Jiangmen Rail-Road Hongqili Bridge) | China | ||
| Xiazhou Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge | 800 m (2,625 ft) | 2 | Yichang, Hubei 30°39′20″N 111°19′34″E/30.65556°N 111.32611°E/ 30.65556; 111.32611(Xiazhou Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge) | China | |||
| Qinglongmen First Bridge[zh] | 756 m (2,480 ft) | 3 | 2027 | Ningbo–Zhoushan, Zhejiang 29°44′9″N 121°59′18″E/29.73583°N 121.98833°E/ 29.73583; 121.98833(Qinglongmen First Bridge) | China | ||
| Fuling Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge | 736 m (2,415 ft) | 2 | Fuling District, Chongqing 29°48′54″N 107°28′29″E/29.81500°N 107.47472°E/ 29.81500; 107.47472(Fuling Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge) | China | |||
| Min'an Bridge | 716 m (2,349 ft) | 2 | 2027 | Fuzhou, Fujian 26°3′15″N 119°30′31″E/26.05417°N 119.50861°E/ 26.05417; 119.50861(Min'an Bridge) | China | ||
| Kapurthala Bridge | 700 m (2,297 ft) | 2 | 2028 | Goindwal, Punjab 31°20′25″N 75°8′18″E/31.34028°N 75.13833°E/ 31.34028; 75.13833(Kapurthala Bridge) | India | ||
| Xiangshan Harbor Railway Bridge[zh] | 688 m (2,257 ft) | 2 | Ningbo–Xiangshan County, Zhejiang 29°37′27″N 121°48′36″E/29.62417°N 121.81000°E/ 29.62417; 121.81000(Xiangshan Harbor Railway Bridge) | China | |||
| Taoyaomen Rail-Road Bridge[zh] | 666 m (2,185 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Zhoushan, Zhejiang 30°6′3″N 121°57′36″E/30.10083°N 121.96000°E/ 30.10083; 121.96000(Taoyaomen Rail-Road Bridge) | China | ||
| Daxi River Bridge | 650 m (2,133 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Fengjie County, Chongqing 30°59′9″N 109°36′6″E/30.98583°N 109.60167°E/ 30.98583; 109.60167(Daxi River Bridge) | China | ||
| Pingnan Xun River Bridge | 636 m (2,087 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Pingnan County, Guangxi 23°28′37″N 110°29′46″E/23.47694°N 110.49611°E/ 23.47694; 110.49611(Pingnan Xun River Bridge) | China | ||
| Shunxing Bridge | 626 m (2,054 ft) | 2 | 2025 | Foshan, Guangdong 22°48′14″N 113°20′19″E/22.80389°N 113.33861°E/ 22.80389; 113.33861(Shunxing Bridge) | China | ||
| Fuling Shituo Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge | 608 m (1,995 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Fuling District, Chongqing 29°43′16″N 107°7′58″E/29.72111°N 107.13278°E/ 29.72111; 107.13278(Fuling Shituo Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge) | China | ||
| Dongying Yellow River Rail-Road Bridge | 600 m (1,969 ft) | 2 | Dongying, Shandong 37°25′36″N 118°14′8″E/37.42667°N 118.23556°E/ 37.42667; 118.23556(Dongying Yellow River Rail-Road Bridge) | China | |||
| Msikaba Bridge | 580 m (1,903 ft) | 2 | 2027 | Lusikisiki, Eastern Cape 31°17′32″S 29°47′50″E/31.2922°S 29.7972°E/ -31.2922; 29.7972(Msikaba Bridge) | South Africa | ||
| Hengqin Expressway Yu River Bridge | 580 m (1,903 ft) | 2 | Hengzhou, Guangxi 22°44′2″N 109°23′39″E/22.73389°N 109.39417°E/ 22.73389; 109.39417(Hengqin Expressway Yu River Bridge) | China | |||
| G9221 Hangyong Yongjiang Bridge[zh] | 570 m (1,870 ft) | 3 | 2026 | Ningbo, Zhejiang 29°58′26″N 121°44′13″E/29.97389°N 121.73694°E/ 29.97389; 121.73694(G9221 Hangyong Yongjiang Bridge) | China | ||
| Songzihe Bridge | 555 m (1,821 ft) | 2 | Songzi, Hubei 30°22′15″N 111°44′54″E/30.37083°N 111.74833°E/ 30.37083; 111.74833(Songzihe Bridge) | China | |||
| Huangjueping Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 550 m (1,804 ft) | 2 | Jiulongpo District–Nan'an District, Chongqing 29°29′31″N 106°32′52″E/29.49194°N 106.54778°E/ 29.49194; 106.54778(Huangjueping Yangtze River Bridge) | China | |||
| Francis Scott Key Bridge replacement | 507 m (1,663 ft) | 2 | 2030 | Baltimore, Maryland 39°13′01″N 76°31′42″W/39.2169°N 76.5283°W/ 39.2169; -76.5283(Francis Scott Key Bridge replacement) | United States | ||
| Qingzhou Liujiang Bridge | 506 m (1,660 ft) | 2 | 2026 | Liuzhou, Guangxi 24°15′15″N 109°38′1″E/24.25417°N 109.63361°E/ 24.25417; 109.63361(Qingzhou Liujiang Bridge) | China |
Longest cable-stayed bridge decks
The definition of cable-stayed bridge deck length used here is: A continuous part of the bridge deck that is supported only by stay-cables and pylons, or are free spans. This means that columns supporting the side span as found in Pont de Normandie, excludes most of the side span decks from the cable-stayed deck length.
There are some bridges with long bridge decks whose span lengths have not been published, and therefore are missing. Extradosed bridges are not included. The thirty longest decks are:
| Name | Cable-stayed deck length | Pylons | Diagram |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ma'anshan Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge | 3,024 m (9,921.3 ft) | 3 | |
| Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge | 2,540 m (8,333.3 ft) | 6 | |
| Millau Viaduct | 2,460 m (8,070.9 ft) | 7 | |
| Lena Bridge under construction | 2,280 m (7,480.3 ft) | 3 | |
| Rio-Antirio Bridge | 2,252 m (7,388.5 ft) | 4 | |
| Changtai Yangtze River Bridge | 2,156 m (7,073.5 ft) | 2 | |
| Husutong Yangtze River Bridge | 2,016 m (6,614.2 ft) | 2 | |
| Huangmaohai Bridge | 2,000 m (6,561.7 ft) | 3 | |
| Pelješac Bridge | 1,804 m (5,918.6 ft) | 6 | |
| Queensferry Crossing | 1,744 m (5,721.8 ft) | 3 | |
| Sutong Yangtze River Bridge | 1,688 m (5,538.1 ft) | 2 | |
| Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge[zh] | 1,636 m (5,367.5 ft) | 3 | |
| Erqi Yangtze River Bridge | 1,552 m (5,091.9 ft) | 3 | |
| Nhật Tân Bridge | 1,500 m (4,921.3 ft) | 5 | |
| General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge | 1,495 m (4,904.9 ft) | 6 | |
| Zhoudai Bridge[zh] | 1,474 m (4,836.0 ft) | 3 | |
| Chishi Bridge | 1,470 m (4,822.8 ft) | 4 | |
| Pingtang Bridge | 1,460 m (4,790.0 ft) | 3 |
Timeline of world record lengths
Many early suspension bridges included cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge Dryburgh Abbey Bridge, James Dredge's patented Victoria Bridge, Bath (1836), and the later Albert Bridge, London (1872), and Brooklyn Bridge (1883). Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge. Albert Caquot's 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge over the Donzère-Mondragon canal at Pierrelatte is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development. The steel-decked Strömsund Bridge designed by Franz Dischinger (1956) is therefore more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge.
This list tracks the bridge having the longest cable-stayed main span through time.
This list may be incomplete and detailed sources for pre-modern cable-stayed bridges may not be available, so the timeline might not be accurate.
| Record | Name | Location | Main span: metres (feet) | Crosses | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1871 – 1885 | Old Redheugh Bridge | United Kingdom Newcastle upon Tyne | 73 m (240 ft) | River Tyne | destroyed in 1885 |
| 1885 – 1891 | Järnbron[sv] | Sweden Uppsala | 35 m (115 ft) | Fyris River | |
| 1891 – 1914 | Bluff Dale Bridge | United States Bluff Dale, TX | 43 m (141 ft) | Paluxy River | |
| 1914 – 1922 | Kaihihi Stream Bridge | New Zealand Okato | 52 m (171 ft) | footbridge | |
| 1922 – 1926 | Tauranga Bridge | New Zealand Ōpōtiki | 58 m (190 ft) | Waioeka River | |
| 1926 – 1952 | Tempul Aqueduct | Spain Jerez de la Frontera | 60 m (200 ft) | Guadalete River | |
| 1952 – 1956 | Donzère-Mondragon Bridge | France Pierrelatte | 81 m (266 ft) | Donzère-Mondragon Canal | |
| 1956 – 1957 | Strömsund Bridge | Sweden Strömsund | 182 m (597 ft) | Ströms vattudal | |
| 1957 – 1959 | Theodor Heuss Bridge | Germany Düsseldorf | 260 m (850 ft) | Rhine | |
| 1959 – 1969 | Severin Bridge | Germany Cologne | 302 m (991 ft) | Rhine | |
| 1969 – 1971 | Kniebrücke | Germany Düsseldorf | 319 m (1,047 ft) | Rhine | |
| 1971 – 1974 | Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge[de] | Germany Duisburg | 350 m (1,150 ft) | Rhine | |
| 1974 – 1983 | Saint-Nazaire Bridge | France Saint-Nazaire | 404 m (1,325 ft) | Loire River | |
| 1983 – 1986 | Ingeniero Carlos Fernández Casado Bridge | Spain León | 440 m (1,440 ft) | Barrios de Luna Reservoir | |
| 1986 – 1991 | Alex Fraser Bridge | Canada Vancouver | 465 m (1,526 ft) | Fraser River | |
| 1991 – 1993 | Skarnsund Bridge | Norway Inderøy | 530 m (1,740 ft) | Skarnsundet | |
| 1993 – 1995 | Yangpu Bridge | China Shanghai | 602 m (1,975 ft) | Huangpu River | |
| 1995 – 1999 | Pont de Normandie | France Le Havre | 856 m (2,808 ft) | Seine River | |
| 1999 – 2008 | Tatara Bridge | Japan Imabari | 890 m (2,920 ft) | Inland Sea | |
| 2008 – 2012 | Sutong Bridge | China Suzhou–Nantong | 1,088 m (3,570 ft) | Yangtze River | |
| 2012 – 2025 | Russky Bridge | Russia Vladivostok | 1,104 m (3,622 ft) | Eastern Bosphorus | |
| 2025 – | Changtai Yangtze River Bridge | China Changzhou–Taizhou | 1,176 m (3,858 ft) | Yangtze River |
See also
- List of longest suspension bridge spans
- List of longest masonry arch bridge spans
- List of longest arch bridge spans
- List of longest beam bridge spans
- List of longest bridges
- List of highest bridges
- List of tallest bridges
- List of cable-stayed bridges in the United States
- List of spans — list of remarkable permanent wire spans
- Floating cable-stayed bridge
- Cable-stayed suspension bridge
Notes and references
- Nicolas Janberg, Structurae.com, International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering
- Others references
- Notes
Further reading
- Podolny, Jr., Walter; Goodyear, David (2006). "Cable-suspended bridges". In Roger L. Brockenbrough (ed.). Structural steel designer's handbook: AISC, AASHTO, AISI, ASTM, AREMA, and ASCE-07 design standards (4 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 15.23 – 15.27. ISBN 0-07-143218-3. — includes a list of major cable-stayed bridges by length
- Chatterjee, Sukhen (1991). . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-632-05511-1.
- Wai-Fah, Chen; Lian, Duan (2013). . Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-1029-3.
- Ewert, Sven (2003). John Wiley & Sons (ed.). . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 3-433-01612-7.
- Gimsing, Niels J. (2–4 June 1999). (PDF). Proceedings IABSE Conference Cable-Stayed Bridges - Past, Present and Future. Malmö, Sweden: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.