Penang State Legislative Assembly
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The Penang State Legislative Assembly is the legislature of the Malaysian state of Penang. It is a unicameral institution, consisting of a total of 40 elected lawmakers representing single-member constituencies throughout Penang. The state legislature, whose members are called "State Assemblymen", convenes at the Penang State Assembly Building in Penang's capital city of George Town. The Penang State Executive Council, the executive branch of the Penang state government, is drawn from among the State Assemblymen.
After the 2023 Penang state election, 29 out of 40 seats are held by the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Barisan Nasional (BN). The PH–BN alliance thus command a supermajority in the legislature. Meanwhile, 11 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) opposition coalition.
Current composition
| Government | Opposition | ||||
| PH | BN | PN | |||
| 27 | 2 | 11 | |||
| 19 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 4 |
| DAP | PKR | AMANAH | UMNO | PAS | BERSATU |
Seating arrangement
The seating arrangement of the Penang State Legislative Assembly is as follows.
Role
The Penang State Legislative Assembly's main function is to enact legislation and policies relating to the State List and Joint List as defined in the Federal Constitution. Its members also provide oversight on the state's executive branch of government, ensuring the state departments and agencies enforce the aforementioned legislation. Debates in the Assembly are presided over by the Speaker.
The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Assembly is appointed the Chief Minister by the Tuan Yang Terutama Tun Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang. The Chief Minister heads the state's executive, known as the State Executive Council, whose members are also drawn from the Assembly.
Committees
The State Assembly also consists of committees to handle administrative matters. The committees include:
- Public Accounts Committee
- Committee on Privileges
- House Committee
- Standing Orders Committee
- Constitution Committee
Speakers Roll of Honour
The following is the Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly Roll of Honour, since 1959:
| No. | Speaker | Term start | Term end | Party | Constituency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sulaiman Ahmad | 6 January 1959 | 1 April 1964 | Alliance (UMNO) | Alma |
| 25 April 1964 | 19 March 1969 | ||||
| 2 | Harun Sirat | 10 May 1969 | 31 July 1974 | Gerakan | Alma |
| 24 August 1974 | 16 June 1978 | BN (Gerakan) | Bukit Tengah | ||
| 3 | Hassan Md Noh | 8 July 1978 | 29 March 1982 | BN (UMNO) | Penaga |
| 4 | Teh Ewe Lim | 22 April 1982 | 19 July 1986 | BN (Gerakan) | Datok Keramat |
| 5 | Ooi Ean Kwong | 3 August 1986 | 5 October 1990 | BN (Gerakan) | Datok Keramat |
| 6 | Abdul Rahman Abbas | 21 October 1990 | 4 April 1995 | BN (UMNO) | Bertam |
| 7 | Yahaya Abdul Hamid | 25 April 1995 | 10 November 1999 | BN (UMNO) | Pinang Tunggal |
| 29 November 1999 | 2 March 2004 | ||||
| 21 March 2004 | 12 February 2008 | Non-MLA | |||
| 8 | Abdul Halim Hussain | 8 March 2008 | 27 June 2013 | PR (PKR) | Non-MLA |
| 9 | Law Choo Kiang | 28 June 2013 | 10 April 2018 | PH (PKR) | Bukit Tambun |
| 2 August 2018 | 28 June 2023 | Non-MLA | |||
| 29 August 2023 | Incumbent |
Election pendulum
The 2023 Penang state election witnessed 29 governmental seats and 11 non-governmental seats filled the Penang State Legislative Assembly. The government side has 25 safe seats and 1 fairly safe seats, while the non-government side has 4 safe seats and 3 fairly safe seats.
| 2023 Penang state election | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| GOVERNMENT SEATS Marginal Sungai Acheh Rashidi Zainol UMNO 50.33 Bayan Lepas Azrul Mahathir Aziz AMANAH 52.35 Batu Maung Mohamad Abdul Hamid PKR 54.65 Fairly safe Bertam Reezal Merican Naina Merican UMNO 56.24 Safe Sungai Pinang Lim Siew Khim DAP 65.13 Bukit Tengah Gooi Hsiao-Leung PKR 68.58 Machang Bubok Lee Khai Loon PKR 69.12 Pantai Jerejak Fahmi Zainol PKR 69.94 Bagan Dalam Kamaran Krishnan DAP 71.49 Tanjong Bunga Zairil Khir Johari DAP 72.82 Datok Keramat Jagdeep Singh Deo DAP 72.61 Perai Sundarajoo Somu DAP 76.76 Batu Uban Kumaresan Aramugam PKR 76.83 Jawi H’ng Mooi Lye DAP 79.50 Air Itam Joseph Ng Soon Seong DAP 79.22 Seri Delima Connie Tan Hooi Peng DAP 80.57 Bukit Tambun Goh Choon Aik PKR 80.64 Bagan Jermal Chee Yeeh Keen DAP 84.77 Air Putih Lim Guan Eng DAP 85.63 Pulau Tikus Joshua Woo Sze Zeng DAP 85.09 Komtar Teh Lai Heng DAP 86.61 Padang Kota Chow Kon Yeow DAP 87.83 Kebun Bunga Lee Boon Heng PKR 87.83 Padang Lalang Daniel Gooi Zi Sen DAP 87.85 Sungai Puyu Phee Syn Tze DAP 90.48 Paya Terubong Wong Hon Wai DAP 91.58 Batu Lancang Ong Ah Teong DAP 92.12 Berapit Heng Lee Lee DAP 94.44 Pengkalan Kota Wong Yee Harng DAP 94.64 NON-GOVERNMENT SEATS Marginal Sungai Bakap Nor Zamri Latiff PAS 52.67 Pulau Betong Mohamad Shukor Zakariah PAS 52.92 Telok Bahang Muhamd Kasim BERSATU 53.48 Telok Ayer Tawar Azmi Alang BERSATU 55.26 Fairly Safe Permatang Pasir Amir Hamzah Abdul Hashim PAS 56.49 Seberang Jaya Izhar Shah Arif Shah BERSATU 56.69 Penanti Zulkefli Bakar BERSATU 58.28 Safe Sungai Dua Muhammad Fauzi Yusoff PAS 62.26 Pinang Tunggal Bukhori Ghazali PAS 62.74 Penaga Mohd. Yusni Mat Piah PAS 63.24 Permatang Berangan Mohd Sobri Saleh PAS 69.50 | |||
| GOVERNMENT SEATS | |||
| Marginal | |||
| Sungai Acheh | Rashidi Zainol | UMNO | 50.33 |
| Bayan Lepas | Azrul Mahathir Aziz | AMANAH | 52.35 |
| Batu Maung | Mohamad Abdul Hamid | PKR | 54.65 |
| Fairly safe | |||
| Bertam | Reezal Merican Naina Merican | UMNO | 56.24 |
| Safe | |||
| Sungai Pinang | Lim Siew Khim | DAP | 65.13 |
| Bukit Tengah | Gooi Hsiao-Leung | PKR | 68.58 |
| Machang Bubok | Lee Khai Loon | PKR | 69.12 |
| Pantai Jerejak | Fahmi Zainol | PKR | 69.94 |
| Bagan Dalam | Kamaran Krishnan | DAP | 71.49 |
| Tanjong Bunga | Zairil Khir Johari | DAP | 72.82 |
| Datok Keramat | Jagdeep Singh Deo | DAP | 72.61 |
| Perai | Sundarajoo Somu | DAP | 76.76 |
| Batu Uban | Kumaresan Aramugam | PKR | 76.83 |
| Jawi | H’ng Mooi Lye | DAP | 79.50 |
| Air Itam | Joseph Ng Soon Seong | DAP | 79.22 |
| Seri Delima | Connie Tan Hooi Peng | DAP | 80.57 |
| Bukit Tambun | Goh Choon Aik | PKR | 80.64 |
| Bagan Jermal | Chee Yeeh Keen | DAP | 84.77 |
| Air Putih | Lim Guan Eng | DAP | 85.63 |
| Pulau Tikus | Joshua Woo Sze Zeng | DAP | 85.09 |
| Komtar | Teh Lai Heng | DAP | 86.61 |
| Padang Kota | Chow Kon Yeow | DAP | 87.83 |
| Kebun Bunga | Lee Boon Heng | PKR | 87.83 |
| Padang Lalang | Daniel Gooi Zi Sen | DAP | 87.85 |
| Sungai Puyu | Phee Syn Tze | DAP | 90.48 |
| Paya Terubong | Wong Hon Wai | DAP | 91.58 |
| Batu Lancang | Ong Ah Teong | DAP | 92.12 |
| Berapit | Heng Lee Lee | DAP | 94.44 |
| Pengkalan Kota | Wong Yee Harng | DAP | 94.64 |
| NON-GOVERNMENT SEATS | |||
| Marginal | |||
| Sungai Bakap | Nor Zamri Latiff | PAS | 52.67 |
| Pulau Betong | Mohamad Shukor Zakariah | PAS | 52.92 |
| Telok Bahang | Muhamd Kasim | BERSATU | 53.48 |
| Telok Ayer Tawar | Azmi Alang | BERSATU | 55.26 |
| Fairly Safe | |||
| Permatang Pasir | Amir Hamzah Abdul Hashim | PAS | 56.49 |
| Seberang Jaya | Izhar Shah Arif Shah | BERSATU | 56.69 |
| Penanti | Zulkefli Bakar | BERSATU | 58.28 |
| Safe | |||
| Sungai Dua | Muhammad Fauzi Yusoff | PAS | 62.26 |
| Pinang Tunggal | Bukhori Ghazali | PAS | 62.74 |
| Penaga | Mohd. Yusni Mat Piah | PAS | 63.24 |
| Permatang Berangan | Mohd Sobri Saleh | PAS | 69.50 |
List of Assemblies
| Assembly | Term began | Members | Committee | Governing parties | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Settlement Council | 1955 | 25 | Wong Pow Nee I (1957–1959) | Alliance (MCA–UMNO–MIC) | |
| 1st | 1959 | 24 | Wong Pow Nee II | Alliance (MCA–UMNO–MIC) | |
| 2nd | 1964 | Wong Pow Nee III | Alliance (MCA–UMNO–MIC) | ||
| 3rd | 1969 | Lim Chong Eu I | GERAKAN (1969–1972) GERAKAN–Alliance (UMNO) (1972–1973) | ||
| BN (GERAKAN–UMNO) (1973–1974) | |||||
| 4th | 1974 | 27 | Lim Chong Eu II | BN (GERAKAN–UMNO–MCA–MIC–PAS) (1974–1977) BN (GERAKAN–UMNO–MCA–MIC) (1977–1978) | |
| 5th | 1978 | Lim Chong Eu III | BN (GERAKAN–UMNO–MCA–MIC) | ||
| 6th | 1982 | Lim Chong Eu IV | BN (GERAKAN–UMNO–MCA–MIC) | ||
| 7th | 1986 | 33 | Lim Chong Eu V | BN (GERAKAN–UMNO–MCA) | |
| 8th | 1990 | Koh Tsu Koon I | BN (GERAKAN–UMNO) | ||
| 9th | 1995 | Koh Tsu Koon II | BN (GERAKAN–UMNO–MCA–MIC) | ||
| 10th | 1999 | Koh Tsu Koon III | BN (GERAKAN–UMNO–MCA–MIC) | ||
| 11th | 2004 | 40 | Koh Tsu Koon IV | BN (GERAKAN–UMNO–MCA–MIC) | |
| 12th | 2008 | Lim Guan Eng I | PR (DAP–PKR–PAS) | ||
| 13th | 2013 | Lim Guan Eng II | PR (DAP–PKR–PAS) (2013–2015) | ||
| PH (DAP–PKR) (2015–2018) | |||||
| 14th | 2018 | Chow Kon Yeow I | PH (DAP–PKR–AMANAH–BERSATU) (2018–2020) PH (DAP–PKR–AMANAH) (2020–2022) | ||
| PH (DAP–PKR–AMANAH)–BN (UMNO)(2022–2023) | |||||
| 15th | 2023 | Chow Kon Yeow II | PH (DAP–PKR–AMANAH)–BN (UMNO) |