Isotopes of titanium
In-game article clicks load inline without leaving the challenge.
Naturally occurring titanium (22Ti) is composed of five stable isotopes; 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti and 50Ti with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8% natural abundance). Twenty-three radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 44Ti with a half-life of 59.1 years and 45Ti with a half-life of 184.8 minutes. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 10 minutes, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than one second.
The isotopes of titanium range from 39Ti to 66Ti. The primary decay mode for isotopes lighter than the stable isotopes is β+ and the primary mode for the heavier ones is β−; the decay products are respectively scandium isotopes and vanadium isotopes.
There are two stable isotopes of titanium with an odd number of nucleons, 47Ti and 49Ti, which thus have non-zero nuclear spin of 5/2− and 7/2− (respectively) and are NMR-active.
List of isotopes
| Nuclide | Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) | Discovery year | Half-life | Decay mode | Daughter isotope | Spin and parity | Natural abundance (molefraction) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy | Normal proportion | Range of variation | ||||||||
| 39Ti | 22 | 17 | 39.00268(22)# | 28.5(9)ms | β+, p (93.7%) | 38Ca | 3/2+# | |||
| β+ (~6.3%) | 39Sc | |||||||||
| β+, 2p (?%) | 37K | |||||||||
| 40Ti | 22 | 18 | 39.990345(73) | 52.4(3)ms | β+, p (95.8%) | 39Ca | 0+ | |||
| β+ (4.2%) | 40Sc | |||||||||
| 41Ti | 22 | 19 | 40.983148(30) | 81.9(5)ms | β+, p (91.1%) | 40Ca | 3/2+ | |||
| β+ (8.9%) | 41Sc | |||||||||
| 42Ti | 22 | 20 | 41.97304937(29) | 208.3(4)ms | β+ | 42Sc | 0+ | |||
| 43Ti | 22 | 21 | 42.9685284(61) | 509(5)ms | β+ | 43Sc | 7/2− | |||
| 43m1Ti | 313.0(10)keV | 11.9(3)μs | IT | 43Ti | (3/2+) | |||||
| 43m2Ti | 3066.4(10)keV | 556(6)ns | IT | 43Ti | (19/2−) | |||||
| 44Ti | 22 | 22 | 43.95968994(75) | 59.1(3)y | EC | 44Sc | 0+ | |||
| 45Ti | 22 | 23 | 44.95812076(90) | 184.8(5)min | β+ | 45Sc | 7/2− | |||
| 45mTi | 36.53(15)keV | 3.0(2)μs | IT | 45Ti | 3/2− | |||||
| 46Ti | 22 | 24 | 45.952626356(97) | Stable | 0+ | 0.0825(3) | ||||
| 47Ti | 22 | 25 | 46.951757491(85) | Stable | 5/2− | 0.0744(2) | ||||
| 48Ti | 22 | 26 | 47.947940677(79) | Stable | 0+ | 0.7372(3) | ||||
| 49Ti | 22 | 27 | 48.947864391(84) | Stable | 7/2− | 0.0541(2) | ||||
| 50Ti | 22 | 28 | 49.944785622(88) | Stable | 0+ | 0.0518(2) | ||||
| 51Ti | 22 | 29 | 50.94660947(52) | 5.76(1)min | β− | 51V | 3/2− | |||
| 52Ti | 22 | 30 | 51.9468835(29) | 1.7(1)min | β− | 52V | 0+ | |||
| 53Ti | 22 | 31 | 52.9496707(31) | 32.7(9)s | β− | 53V | (3/2)− | |||
| 54Ti | 22 | 32 | 53.950892(17) | 2.1(10)s | β− | 54V | 0+ | |||
| 55Ti | 22 | 33 | 54.955091(31) | 1.3(1)s | β− | 55V | (1/2)− | |||
| 56Ti | 22 | 34 | 55.95768(11) | 200(5)ms | β− | 56V | 0+ | |||
| 57Ti | 22 | 35 | 56.96307(22) | 95(8)ms | β− | 57V | 5/2−# | |||
| 58Ti | 22 | 36 | 57.96681(20) | 55(6)ms | β− | 58V | 0+ | |||
| 59Ti | 22 | 37 | 58.97222(32)# | 28.5(19)ms | β− | 59V | 5/2−# | |||
| 59mTi | 108.5(5)keV | 615(11)ns | IT | 59Ti | 1/2−# | |||||
| 60Ti | 22 | 38 | 59.97628(26) | 22.2(16)ms | β− | 60V | 0+ | |||
| 61Ti | 22 | 39 | 60.98243(32)# | 15(4)ms | β− | 61V | 1/2−# | |||
| 61m1Ti | 125.0(5)keV | 200(28)ns | IT | 61Ti | 5/2−# | |||||
| 61m2Ti | 700.1(7)keV | 354(69)ns | IT | 61Ti | 9/2+# | |||||
| 62Ti | 22 | 40 | 61.98690(43)# | 9#ms[>620ns] | 0+ | |||||
| 63Ti | 22 | 41 | 62.99371(54)# | 10#ms[>620ns] | 1/2−# | |||||
| 64Ti | 22 | 42 | 63.99841(64)# | 5#ms[>620ns] | 0+ | |||||
| 65Ti | 22 | 43 | 65.00559(75)# | 1#ms | 1/2−# | |||||
| 66Ti | 22 | 44 | 0+ | |||||||
| This table header & footer: view |
Titanium-44
Titanium-44 (44Ti) is a radioactive isotope of titanium that undergoes electron capture with a half-life of 59.1 years to an excited state of scandium-44, before reaching the ground state of 44Sc and ultimately of 44Ca. Because titanium-44 can decay only through electron capture, its half-life increases slowly with its ionization state and it becomes stable in its fully ionized state (that is, having a charge of +22), though as astrophysical environments never lack electrons completely, it will always decay.
Titanium-44 is produced in relative abundance in the alpha process in stellar nucleosynthesis and the early stages of supernova explosions. It is produced when stable calcium-40 adds an alpha particle (helium-4), as nickel-56 is the result of adding three more. The age of supernova remnants (even though nickel-56 has died away to iron) may be determined through measurements of gamma-ray emissions from the relatively long-lived titanium-44 and of its abundance. It was observed in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant and SN 1987A at a relatively high concentration, enhanced by the delayed decay in the ionizing conditions.
See also
Daughter products other than titanium