Tobi (month)
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Tobi (Coptic:Ⲧⲱⲃⲓ, Tōbi), also known as Tybi (Ancient Greek:Τυβί, Tybí) and Tubah (Arabic:طوبه), is the fifth month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lies between January 9 and February 7 of the Gregorian calendar.
The month of Tobi is also the first month of the season of Proyet (Growth and Emergence) in Ancient Egypt, where the Nile floods recede and the crops start to grow throughout the land of Egypt.
Name
The name of the month of Tobi comes from Amso Khem, a form of the Ancient Egyptian God Amun Ra.[citation needed][clarification needed]
Description
Toubeh, (the ancient Tobi): the 5th Coptic month. Corn and flax should be cleared from weeds, and land that is to be devoted to cotton, sesame, and summer cucurbita, is prepared until the 1st of Amshir. Land destined for the growth of culcas (colocasia), and sugar, should be inundated. Lands found to be uncultivable should be marked out and declared unproductive, in order that they may be exempt from taxation. The first cutting of sugar cane takes place (hasab er-rcis) -. sufficient being left for seed, viz: — one kirat in every feddan. At the end of the month work in canals and dykes should be taken in hand: and much care should be bestowed upon the repairing of sakhiehs ( water wheels), wells, &c. The Nile water is in its clearest and best state in Toubeh, and cisterns should be now filled in Cairo and all large towns. The flesh of sheep is better now than at any other season. Vegetables, especially carrots, are at their best. Horses and mules should be tethered in bersim, and it is now time for the sale of cattle. S. winds (Siba) are more prevalent than N. (Dabour). Taxes are now collected. There are various popular sayings respecting Toubeh, — e. g. that if rain falls on any of the first eleven days, but especially on the Festival of the Epiphany, it is a certain sign of good crops. The fellah says " Yfra en Nusrani" (the Christian is happy ) and asserts that God is contented with his people, and will reward them with a bounteous harvest.
Coptic Synaxarium of the month of Tobi
| Coptic | Julian | Gregorian | Commemorations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tobi 1 | December 27 | January 9 | Martyrdom of St. Stephen, the Archdeacon. Martyrdom of St. Leontius. Martyrdom of Aesculapius and Dioscorus of Akhmim |
| Tobi 2 | December 28 | January 10 | Departure of St. Theonas, the 16th Pope of Alexandria. Martyrdom of St. Callinicus (Gallinicus), Bishop of Letopolis. |
| Tobi 3 | December 29 | January 11 | Commemoration of the Slain Children of Bethlehem by the Order of Herod the Great. |
| Tobi 4 | December 30 | January 12 | Departure of St. John the Evangelist. |
| Tobi 5 | December 31 | January 13 | Martyrdom of St. Eusignius the Soldier. |
| Tobi 6 | January 1 | January 14 | Commemoration of the Circumcision of the Lord Christ. Ascension of Elijah, the Prophet. Departure of St. Marcianus, the 8th Pope of Alexandria. Departure of St. Basil the Great, Bishop of Caesarea. |
| Tobi 7 | January 2 | January 15 | Departure of St. Silvester, Bishop of Rome |
| Tobi 8 | January 3 | January 16 | Consecration of the Church of St. Macarius Departure of St. Andronicus, the 37th Pope of Alexandria Departure of St. Benjamin, the 38th Pope of Alexandria |
| Tobi 9 | January 4 | January 17 | Departure of St. Abraam, friend of St. George (Ga'orgi) of Scetes Departure of Bishop Karas, the 1st Bishop of the United States |
| Tobi 10 | January 5 | January 18 | Paramouni of Holy Theophany. Departure of St. Demetrius II, the 111th Pope of Alexandria. Commemoration of St. Justus, disciple of St. Samuel |
| Tobi 11 | January 6 | January 19 | Holy Theophany of Our Lord, God and Savior, Jesus Christ (Baptism of the Lord). |
| Tobi 12 | January 7 | January 20 | Commemoration of Michael, the Archangel. Martyrdom of St. Theodore El-Mishreke (the Oriental). Martyrdom of St. Anatole (Anatolius). |
| Tobi 13 | January 8 | January 21 | Commemoration of the Miracle at Cana. Departure of St. Theophilus, the Monk. Martyrdom of St. Demiana. |
| Tobi 14 | January 9 | January 22 | Martyrdom of St. Mohrael. Departure of St. Archiledis (Arselidas). Departure of St. Maximus, Brother of St. Domatius, sons of the Roman Emperor Valentinian I. |
| Tobi 15 | January 10 | January 23 | Departure of Obadiah, the Prophet. |
| Tobi 16 | January 11 | January 24 | Martyrdom of St. Philotheus. Departure of St. John IV, the 48th Pope of Alexandria. |
| Tobi 17 | January 12 | January 25 | Departure of St. Domatius, Brother of St. Maximus, sons of the Roman Emperor Valentinian I. Departure of St. Yousab el-Abbah, Bishop of Girga. |
| Tobi 18 | January 13 | January 26 | Departure of St. James, Bishop of Nisibis. |
| Tobi 19 | January 14 | January 27 | Discovery of the Relics of St. Abahor (Pihour) St. Bisoura (Pisoura) & their Mother St. Ampira (Asra). |
| Tobi 20 | January 15 | January 28 | Departure of St. Prochorus, one of the Seventy Disciples. Commemoration of the Consecration of the Church of St. John, the Owner of the Golden Gospel, and the Transfer of His Relics to It. Commemoration of the Martyrdom of St. Behna (Bahnou) and St. Kloag (Bagoug), the Priest. |
| Tobi 21 | January 16 | January 29 | Commemoration of the Holy Virgin Saint Mary, the Mother of God (Theotokos) Departure of St. Hilaria, Daughter of Emperor Zeno. Departure of St. Gregory of Nyssa, Brother of St. Basil the Great. |
| Tobi 22 | January 17 | January 30 | Departure of St. Anthony the Great. |
| Tobi 23 | January 18 | January 31 | Martyrdom of St. Timothy, the Apostle. Departure of St. Cyril IV, the 110th Pope of Alexandria. |
| Tobi 24 | January 19 | February 1 | Departure of St. Mary the Ascetic (The Shut-In). Martyrdom of St. Bisada (Psati), the Priest. |
| Tobi 25 | January 20 | February 2 | Departure of St. Peter, the Worshipper. Martyrdom of St. Askala (Asela), the Ascetic. |
| Tobi 26 | January 21 | February 3 | Martyrdom of the Forty-Nine Saints, the Elders of Scetis. Departure of St. Anastasia. Martyrdom of St. Bagoosh, & his mother. |
| Tobi 27 | January 22 | February 4 | Martyrdom of St. Sarapion. Commemoration of Sariel, the Archangel. Relocation of the Relics of St. Timothy, the Apostle. Martyrdom of St. Phoebammon (Abu-Fam), the Soldier. |
| Tobi 28 | January 23 | February 5 | Martyrdom of St. Clement. Martyrdom of St. Anba Kaou. |
| Tobi 29 | January 24 | February 6 | Departure of St. Eksani (St. Xene). Commemoration of St. Seriakos (Syriacus), the Fighter. |
| Tobi 30 | January 25 | February 7 | Martyrdom of Sts. Pistis, Helpis, Agape, & their Mother Sophia. Departure of St. Andrews the Samuelite. |