List of current heads of state and government

This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.

In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the general secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Afghanistan, Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Afghanistan, this is the supreme leader; in Andorra, this is the bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the supreme leader; and in Vatican City, this is the pope.

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• Y
• Z

Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.

Other states

The following states are in free association with a UN member state.

The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

The following state controls its territory, but is not recognised by any UN member states.

Alternative governments

This alternative government controls part of its territory and is recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.

This alternative government does not control its territory but is recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

Sui generis entities

See also

• List of countries by system of government
• List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
• List of current monarchs of sovereign states
• List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
• List of current interior ministers
• List of current foreign ministers
• List of current finance ministers
• List of current defence ministers
• List of current legislatures
• List of current presidents of legislatures
• List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
• Colonial governors by century
• List of longest-living state leaders
• List of oldest living state leaders
• List of national governments
• Lists of state leaders Lists of state leaders by century List of state leaders in the 21st century List of state leaders in the 2020s
• President of the Republic
• List of heads of the executive by approval rating

Notes

External links

• (in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders
• —an archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
• (in Italian)—a list of current rulers by country
• —a list of rulers throughout time and places
• —a list of heads of state, heads of government, and ministers for foreign affairs